石膏粉是以硫酸钙（CaSO?）为主要成分的气硬性无机胶凝材料。在建筑领域，石膏粉远不止“一种材料”那么简单——从嵌缝修补到墙面抹灰，从装饰制品到精密模具，不同种类的石膏粉各司其职，堪称建筑材料的“百变金刚”。

Gypsum powder is a gas hardening inorganic cementitious material mainly composed of calcium sulfate (CaSO?). In the field of architecture, gypsum powder is far more than just a "single material" - from joint repair to wall plastering, from decorative products to precision molds, different types of gypsum powder each perform their own duties, making it the "versatile diamond" of building materials.

建筑石膏是非常基础的品类，以β半水硫酸钙为主要成分。根据GB/T 9776—2022《建筑石膏》标准，建筑石膏按技术要求分为优等品、一等品和合格品三个等级。优等品的抗折强度要求≥2.5MPa，抗压强度≥4.9MPa，细度（0.2mm方孔筛筛余）不大于5%；一等品抗折强度≥2.1MPa，抗压强度≥3.9MPa；合格品抗折强度≥1.8MPa，抗压强度≥2.9MPa。凝结时间方面，初凝不小于6分钟，终凝不大于30分钟。

Architectural gypsum is the most basic category, mainly composed of β - hemihydrate calcium sulfate. According to the GB/T 9776-2022 "Building Gypsum" standard, building gypsum is classified into three grades based on technical requirements: superior, first-class, and qualified. The requirements for the flexural strength of superior products are ≥ 2.5MPa, compressive strength ≥ 4.9MPa, and fineness (0.2mm square hole sieve residue) not exceeding 5%; The flexural strength of first-class products is ≥ 2.1MPa, and the compressive strength is ≥ 3.9MPa; Qualified products have a flexural strength of ≥ 1.8MPa and a compressive strength of ≥ 2.9MPa. In terms of setting time, the initial setting time should not be less than 6 minutes, and the final setting time should not exceed 30 minutes.

高强石膏（α型半水石膏）则是石膏家族中的“精英”。它是在封闭容器中用饱和水蒸汽加压，使石膏晶型发生转变，历经溶解、再结晶、脱水、烘干等一系列过程形成的。高强石膏制品的抗压强度可达30MPa以上，抗折强度达7MPa以上，是普通建筑石膏制品强度的2-4倍。2小时抗折强度可达5-8MPa，抗压强度15-25MPa；恒重时抗折强度7-13MPa，抗压强度25-45MPa。高强石膏广泛应用于陶瓷母模、齿科牙模、精密铸造模、GRG高档装饰材料等领域。

High strength gypsum (alpha type hemihydrate gypsum) is the "elite" in the gypsum family. It is formed through a series of processes such as dissolution, recrystallization, dehydration, and drying by pressurizing gypsum crystals with saturated steam in a closed container. The compressive strength of high-strength gypsum products can reach over 30MPa, and the flexural strength can reach over 7MPa, which is 2-4 times the strength of ordinary building gypsum products. The 2-hour flexural strength can reach 5-8 MPa, and the compressive strength is 15-25 MPa; The flexural strength at constant weight is 7-13MPa, and the compressive strength is 25-45MPa. High strength gypsum is widely used in ceramic mother molds, dental molds, precision casting molds, GRG high-end decorative materials and other fields.

粉刷石膏是石膏在墙面抹灰领域的直接应用。根据GB/T 28627—2012《抹灰石膏》规定，粉刷石膏的初凝时间应不小于60分钟，终凝时间应不大于8小时。面层粉刷石膏的细度要求1.0mm方孔筛筛余量为0%，0.2mm方孔筛筛余量应不大于40%。面层粉刷石膏的抗压强度优等品需达到5.0MPa，底层粉刷石膏需达到4.0MPa。粉刷石膏的典型配方包括：石膏400kg、硅砂600kg、纤维素5kg、缓凝剂0.2kg。其优点在于抹灰后的表面光滑、细腻、洁白美观。粉刷石膏主要用于建筑物室内各种墙面和顶棚抹灰，但不适用于卫生间、厨房等常与水接触的地方。

Gypsum plastering is the direct application of gypsum in the field of wall plastering. According to GB/T 28627-2012 "Gypsum plastering", the initial setting time of gypsum plastering should not be less than 60 minutes, and the final setting time should not exceed 8 hours. The fineness requirement for plastering gypsum on the surface layer is that the sieve residue of 1.0mm square hole should be 0%, and the sieve residue of 0.2mm square hole should not exceed 40%. The superior compressive strength of the surface plastering gypsum should reach 5.0MPa, and the bottom plastering gypsum should reach 4.0MPa. The typical formula for plastering gypsum includes 400kg gypsum, 600kg silica sand, 5kg cellulose, and 0.2kg retarder. Its advantage is that the surface after plastering is smooth, delicate, white, and beautiful. Gypsum plastering is mainly used for plastering various interior walls and ceilings of buildings, but it is not suitable for places that are often in contact with water such as bathrooms and kitchens.

嵌缝石膏是专门用于石膏板接缝处理的材料。其主要成分为石膏、碳酸钙和添加剂。施工时建议加水量控制在40%左右，搅拌均匀后静置2-3分钟再进行搅拌即可使用。修补宽度控制在2mm以上，抹灰厚度控制在2-3mm之间。嵌缝石膏的典型施工流程为：先将板缝清扫干净，用配制好的嵌缝石膏填满接缝（宽度5-6mm），粘结上含胶的纤维增强网格布并压实，再薄抹一层腻子。

Jointing gypsum is a material specifically used for joint treatment of gypsum boards. Its main components are gypsum, calcium carbonate, and additives. It is recommended to control the amount of water added during construction at around 40%. After mixing evenly, let it stand for 2-3 minutes before stirring and it can be used. The repair width should be controlled at 2mm or more, and the plastering thickness should be controlled between 2-3mm. The typical construction process of joint gypsum is as follows: first, clean the board joints, fill the joints with prepared joint gypsum (5-6mm width), bond with fiber-reinforced mesh cloth containing adhesive and compact it, and then apply a thin layer of putty.

石膏粉在施工中的一大特点是凝结速度快。与腻子粉凝结速度慢、质地较软不同，石膏粉凝结后较坚硬，不易打磨。这也意味着石膏粉主要用于嵌缝、填补孔洞、阴阳角修直等“定型”工作，而腻子粉则用于大面积的精细找平。两者分工明确，不可混淆。

A major characteristic of gypsum powder in construction is its fast setting speed. Unlike putty powder, which sets slowly and has a softer texture, gypsum powder sets harder and is not easy to polish. This also means that gypsum powder is mainly used for "shaping" work such as joint filling, hole filling, and internal and external corner straightening, while putty powder is used for large-scale fine leveling. The division of labor between the two is clear and cannot be confused.

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