抹面砂浆（也称抹灰砂浆）是墙面基层处理的“底妆”，选错了基层处理会直接大面积空鼓、开裂。抹面砂浆指涂抹在建筑物表面的砂浆，兼具保护基层和满足使用要求的双重功能。

Plastering mortar (also known as plastering mortar) is the "base" for wall base treatment. Choosing the wrong base treatment will directly result in large areas of hollowing and cracking. Smearing mortar refers to the mortar applied to the surface of a building, which has the dual function of protecting the base layer and meeting the requirements for use.

原则一：看基层——什么墙配什么砂浆

Principle 1: Look at the base layer - what wall is matched with what mortar

这是非常重要的一步。不同基层对砂浆要求完全不同：

This is the most important step. Different base layers have completely different requirements for mortar:

加气块/轻质砖（强吸水、多孔）：优选抹灰石膏或轻质抹灰砂浆，保水性好

Aerated block/lightweight brick (strong water absorption, porous): preferred plastering gypsum or lightweight plastering mortar with good water retention

混凝土剪力墙（致密光滑）：用聚合物抹灰砂浆，粘结力强

Concrete shear wall (dense and smooth): using polymer plaster mortar with strong bonding strength

红砖/粘土砖（吸水率适中）：通用抹灰砂浆即可

Red brick/clay brick (moderate water absorption): universal plastering mortar is sufficient

原则二：看环境——潮湿区域严禁用石膏基

Principle 2: Look at the environment - It is strictly prohibited to use stone paste foundation in damp areas

室内干燥区域可用抹灰石膏或通用水泥砂浆。厨卫、阳台、外墙等潮湿/户外区域建议用聚合物水泥防水砂浆——石膏基砂浆在此类环境绝对禁用。

Indoor dry areas can be plastered with gypsum or general cement mortar. Polymer cement waterproof mortar must be used in damp/outdoor areas such as kitchens, balconies, and exterior walls - gypsum based mortar is absolutely prohibited in such environments.

原则三：看功能——抹灰、找平、修补各不同

Principle 3: Look at the function - plastering, leveling, and repairing are all different

功能决定砂浆需要具备什么专项性能：

Function determines what specific properties mortar needs to possess:

墙面找平（厚找平）：抹灰砂浆（通用型、轻质型、石膏基）

Wall leveling (thick leveling): plastering mortar (universal, lightweight, gypsum based)

修补裂缝孔洞：聚合物修补砂浆

Repairing cracks and holes: polymer repair mortar

粘贴瓷砖：瓷砖胶（根据瓷砖大小选C1/C2等级）

Paste tiles: tile adhesive (choose C1/C2 grade according to tile size)

抹灰砂浆施工分层工艺

Layered construction process of plastering mortar

抹灰砂浆常分层涂抹：底层负责粘结，需保水性好；中层找平；面层追求平整美观，用细砂。水泥砂浆适合潮湿或强度要求高的部位；混合砂浆多用于室内底层或中层；石灰砂浆多用于室内面层。

Plastering mortar is often applied in layers: the bottom layer is responsible for bonding and needs to have good water retention properties; Middle level leveling; The surface layer pursues smoothness and beauty, using fine sand. Cement mortar is suitable for areas that are damp or require high strength; Mixed mortar is commonly used for indoor bottom or middle layers; Lime mortar is commonly used for indoor surface layers.

预拌抹灰砂浆是趋势

Pre mixed plastering mortar is the trend

国内现场搅拌砂浆正逐步退出，预拌抹灰砂浆配比稳定、扬尘低，已成为住宅、公建内外墙基层处理的主流。优先选择自有自动化干混生产线的厂家，进场核验产品检测报告，核对保水率、粘结强度核心指标。预拌砂浆设计强度等级M2.5-M30可选，根据基材和功能选用适合型号。

Domestic on-site mixing mortar is gradually being phased out, and pre mixed plastering mortar with stable mix ratio and low dust has become the mainstream for treating the inner and outer wall base of residential and public buildings. Priority should be given to manufacturers with their own automated dry mixing production lines, and product testing reports should be verified upon arrival to check the core indicators of water retention rate and bonding strength. Ready mixed mortar design strength grade M2.5-M30 is optional, and suitable models are selected according to the substrate and function.

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