根据功能的差异，抹面砂浆可划分为普通抹面砂浆、装饰砂浆以及具有特殊功能的抹面砂浆三大类。​

According to functional differences, plastering mortar can be divided into three categories: ordinary plastering mortar, decorative mortar, and plastering mortar with special functions. ​

普通抹面砂浆：作为建筑工程中用量最大的抹灰砂浆，普通抹面砂浆主要功能是保护墙体、地面等结构，使其免受风雨、有害杂质的侵蚀，增强防潮、防腐蚀、抗风化能力，延长建筑物的使用寿命。同时，让建筑表面达到平整、清洁和美观的效果。在不同的基层上，所选用的普通抹面砂浆也有区别。用于砖墙的底层抹灰，由于石灰砂浆和易性好、成本低，所以较为常用；用于板条墙或板条顶棚的底层抹灰，考虑到与基层的粘结性和防止开裂，多用混合砂浆或石灰砂浆；混凝土墙、梁、柱、顶板等底层抹灰，多用混合砂浆、麻刀石灰浆或纸筋石灰浆 。​

Ordinary plastering mortar: As the largest amount of plastering mortar used in construction projects, the main function of ordinary plastering mortar is to protect structures such as walls and floors from wind, rain, and harmful impurities, enhance moisture resistance, corrosion resistance, and weathering resistance, and extend the service life of buildings. At the same time, achieve a flat, clean, and aesthetically pleasing surface of the building. The choice of ordinary plastering mortar varies on different substrates. Used for plastering the bottom layer of brick walls, lime mortar is commonly used due to its good workability and low cost; It is used for the bottom plastering of Flat noodles walls or Flat noodles ceilings. In consideration of the cohesiveness with the base course and the prevention of cracking, mixed mortar or lime mortar is often used; The bottom plastering of concrete walls, beams, columns, ceilings, etc. is often done using mixed mortar, hemp knife lime slurry, or paper reinforced lime slurry. ​

装饰砂浆：装饰砂浆的独特之处在于直接应用于建筑物内外表面，以提升建筑物装饰艺术性为主要目标。它的底层和中层抹灰与普通抹面砂浆基本一致，重点在于面层。面层通过选用带有颜色的胶凝材料，如白水泥、彩色水泥，或者在常用水泥中掺加耐碱矿物颜料配成彩色水泥，搭配大理石、花岗岩等带颜色的细石渣或玻璃、陶瓷碎粒等骨料，再结合特殊的操作工艺，能够呈现出丰富多彩的色彩、线条与花纹等装饰效果，为建筑增添独特魅力。​

Decorative mortar: The unique feature of decorative mortar lies in its direct application to the interior and exterior surfaces of buildings, with the main goal of enhancing the decorative artistry of buildings. Its bottom and middle plastering are basically the same as ordinary plastering mortar, with a focus on the surface layer. The surface layer can be decorated with rich and colorful colors, lines, and patterns by selecting colored cementitious materials such as white cement, colored cement, or adding alkali resistant mineral pigments to commonly used cement to form colored cement, combined with colored fine stone slag such as marble and granite, glass, ceramic fragments, and other aggregates, and combined with special operating techniques, adding unique charm to the building. ​

特殊功能抹面砂浆​

Special function plastering mortar

防水砂浆：防水砂浆具有较高的抗渗性，其防水层又被称为刚性防水层。它适用于混凝土或砖石砌体等具有一定刚度且不受震动的表面。防水砂浆按组成可分为多层抹面水泥砂浆、掺防水剂防水砂浆、膨胀水泥防水砂浆和掺聚合物防水砂浆四类。常用的防水剂包括氯化物金属盐类、水玻璃类和金属皂类等。施工时，防水砂浆层一般分四层或五层进行涂抹，每层厚度约 5mm，每层在初凝前需压实一遍，最后一层要进行压光处理。施工完成后，加强养护十分关键，避免脱水过快引发干裂，以确保砂浆的密实性，实现良好的防水效果。​

Waterproof mortar: Waterproof mortar has high impermeability, and its waterproof layer is also known as a rigid waterproof layer. It is suitable for surfaces such as concrete or masonry that have a certain degree of stiffness and are not subject to vibration. Waterproof mortar can be divided into four categories based on its composition: multi-layer plastering cement mortar, waterproof mortar mixed with waterproofing agent, expansion cement waterproof mortar, and waterproof mortar mixed with polymer. Common waterproofing agents include chloride metal salts, water glass, and metal soaps. During construction, the waterproof mortar layer is generally applied in four or five layers, with a thickness of about 5mm per layer. Each layer needs to be compacted once before initial setting, and the last layer needs to be polished. After the construction is completed, it is crucial to strengthen maintenance to avoid rapid dehydration and cracking, in order to ensure the compactness of the mortar and achieve good waterproof effect. ​

保温砂浆：保温砂浆，也叫绝热砂浆，一般由水泥、石灰和石膏等胶凝材料与膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀蛭石、陶砂等轻质多孔骨料按特定比例配制而成。它具有轻质、保温隔热、吸声等特性，导热系数通常在 0.07~0.10W/(m・K)，常被用于屋面保温层、保温墙壁以及供热管道保温层等部位。像水泥膨胀珍珠砂浆、水泥膨胀蛭石砂浆和水泥石灰膨胀蛭石砂浆等都是常见的保温砂浆类型。随着建筑节能要求的不断提高，新型保温材料不断涌现，如 EPS（聚苯乙烯）颗粒保温砂浆，采用分层抹灰工艺，最大厚度可达 100mm，具有良好的保温、隔热、阻燃和耐久性能。​

Thermal insulation mortar: Thermal insulation mortar, also known as thermal insulation mortar, is generally prepared by mixing cementitious materials such as cement, lime, and gypsum with lightweight porous aggregates such as expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, and ceramic sand in specific proportions. It has the characteristics of lightweight, thermal insulation, sound absorption, etc. Its thermal conductivity is usually between 0.07~0.10W/(m · K), and it is often used for roof insulation, insulation walls, and heating pipeline insulation. Cement expanded pearl mortar, cement expanded vermiculite mortar, and cement lime expanded vermiculite mortar are common types of insulation mortar. With the continuous improvement of building energy-saving requirements, new insulation materials continue to emerge, such as EPS (polystyrene) particle insulation mortar, which adopts layered plastering technology and has a maximum thickness of up to 100mm, with good insulation, heat insulation, flame retardancy and durability performance. ​

吸声砂浆：一般由轻质多孔骨料制成的绝热砂浆大多具备吸声性能。此外，还可以通过特定配合比来配制吸声砂浆，如用水泥、石膏、砂、锯末按体积比 1:1:3:5 配制，或者在石灰、石膏砂浆中掺入玻璃纤维和矿棉等松软纤维材料。吸声砂浆主要用于室内墙壁和平顶，能够有效吸收声音，降低室内噪音，改善声学环境。​

Sound absorbing mortar: Generally, insulation mortar made of lightweight porous aggregates mostly has sound absorbing properties. In addition, sound-absorbing mortar can be prepared by specific mix proportions, such as using cement, gypsum, sand, and sawdust in a volume ratio of 1:1:3:5, or adding soft fiber materials such as glass fiber and mineral wool to lime and gypsum mortar. Acoustic mortar is mainly used for indoor walls and ceilings, which can effectively absorb sound, reduce indoor noise, and improve the acoustic environment. ​

耐酸砂浆：耐酸砂浆通常是将水玻璃（硅酸钠）与氟硅酸钠混合，并可根据需要掺入石英岩、花岗岩、铸石等粉状细骨料制成。水玻璃硬化后具备出色的耐酸性能，因此耐酸砂浆多用作衬砌材料、耐酸地面和耐酸容器的内壁防护层，以抵御酸性物质的侵蚀 。

Acid resistant mortar: Acid resistant mortar is usually made by mixing sodium silicate with sodium fluorosilicate, and adding powdered fine aggregates such as quartzite, granite, and cast stone as needed. After hardening, water glass has excellent acid resistance, so acid resistant mortar is often used as lining material, acid resistant floor, and inner wall protective layer of acid resistant containers to resist the erosion of acidic substances.

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