济南夏季高温多雨，气温常超 30℃且湿度大，对石膏粉施工影响显著，需掌握适配技巧保障质量。

　　Jinan is hot and rainy in summer, with temperatures often exceeding 30 ℃ and high humidity, which has a significant impact on gypsum powder construction. It is necessary to master adaptation techniques to ensure quality.

　　合理安排施工时间很关键。避开正午高温（12:00-14:00），此时石膏凝结可能缩短至 10 分钟内，可选早晨（6:00-9:00）或傍晚（17:00-19:00），气温约 25℃、湿度 50%-60% 更适宜。正午施工需降温：放冰块或向地面洒水（不喷墙面），控温在 30℃以下。避开雨天及雨后立即施工，待墙面含水率≤10%（用湿度计测）再进行，防止因高湿降低石膏强度。

　　Reasonable arrangement of construction time is crucial. Avoid high temperatures at noon (12:00-14:00), during which gypsum setting may be shortened to within 10 minutes. You can choose between morning (6:00-9:00) or evening (17:00-19:00), with a temperature of about 25 ℃ and humidity of 50% -60%, which is more suitable. Cooling during noon construction: Place ice cubes or sprinkle water on the ground (not on the walls), and keep the temperature below 30 ℃. Avoid rainy days and carry out construction immediately after rain. Wait until the moisture content of the wall is ≤ 10% (measured with a hygrometer) before proceeding to prevent a decrease in gypsum strength due to high humidity.

　　材料调配要适配夏季特性。粉水比通常 1:0.6-0.7，夏季可多加水 5%-10%，将初凝时间控制在 20-30 分钟，确保操作时间充足，但水量不可过多以免降强度。用电动搅拌器（300-500r/min）搅拌 2-3 分钟，确保无结块，每次搅拌量不超 30kg，避免未用完就凝固。需调整凝结时间可加柠檬酸（量≤石膏粉重的 0.5%），先溶于水再混合，防固化不均。

　　The material blending should be adapted to the characteristics of summer. The ratio of powder to water is usually 1:0.6-0.7. In summer, an additional 5% -10% water can be added. The initial setting time should be controlled at 20-30 minutes to ensure sufficient operation time, but the amount of water should not be too much to avoid reducing strength. Stir with an electric mixer (300-500r/min) for 2-3 minutes to ensure no clumping. The stirring amount should not exceed 30kg per time to avoid solidification before use. To adjust the setting time, citric acid (amount ≤ 0.5% of gypsum powder weight) can be added and dissolved in water before mixing to prevent uneven solidification.

　　施工操作注重细节把控。施工前用湿布轻擦墙面（不积水），降温和除灰尘油污。单次涂抹厚度≤10mm，过厚易因干燥不均开裂，可分层施工：第一层薄涂 3-5mm 打底，初凝后（手指轻按无痕迹）涂第二层，两层间用刮刀划纹增强粘结。阴阳角用靠尺找平，垂直度偏差≤3mm，方正度≤2mm，涂抹后立即压实防气泡。石膏浆初凝（结块、流动性差）后不可加水重拌，需换新材料。

　　Construction operations pay attention to detail control. Before construction, gently wipe the wall with a damp cloth (without water accumulation) to cool down and remove dust and oil stains. The thickness of a single application is ≤ 10mm. If it is too thick, it may crack due to uneven drying. It can be applied layer by layer: the first layer should be thinly coated with 3-5mm as a base, and the second layer should be applied after initial setting (with no trace when lightly pressed by fingers). Use a scraper to scratch and enhance the bonding between the two layers. Use a ruler to level the internal and external corners, with a verticality deviation of ≤ 3mm and a squareness deviation of ≤ 2mm. After application, immediately compact and prevent air bubbles. After the initial setting (clumping, poor fluidity) of gypsum slurry, it cannot be mixed with water again and needs to be replaced with new materials.

　　科学养护与干燥处理是保障。初凝后（约 1 小时）保湿养护，每天用喷雾器洒水 2-3 次，持续 2-3 天，防高温导致表面过快干燥开裂。大面积施工可覆盖湿棉布，干燥后及时洒水，让水分均匀蒸发减收缩应力。保持通风但防强风直吹（可用窗帘遮挡），避免表面比内部干得快形成龟裂纹。环境湿度＜40% 时，放水盆增湿减缓干燥。

　　Scientific maintenance and drying treatment are guarantees. After initial setting (about 1 hour), wet and cure. Use a spray to spray water 2-3 times a day for 2-3 days to prevent the surface from drying and cracking too quickly due to high temperature. Large scale construction can be covered with wet cotton cloth, and after drying, water should be sprinkled in a timely manner to evenly evaporate moisture and reduce shrinkage stress. Maintain ventilation but prevent strong winds from blowing directly (curtains can be used to cover it), to avoid the surface drying faster than the inside and forming cracks. When the environmental humidity is less than 40%, the water basin is used to increase humidity and slow down drying.

　　预防与处理常见问题。阳光直射部位易凝结过快，可先遮挡或涂 1-2mm 薄浆降墙面吸热速度。表面出现＜0.5mm 细微裂纹，干燥后用加胶水的石膏浆填补再打磨。空鼓部位（敲击空响）需铲除周围 5cm 范围，清理后重涂。吊顶等造型石膏构件，施工后固定时间比常规多 24 小时，完全固化（强度≥70%）再拆支撑防变形。

　　Prevent and address common issues. The area exposed to direct sunlight is prone to rapid condensation. You can first block or apply 1-2mm thin paste to reduce the wall's heat absorption rate. Minor cracks of less than 0.5mm appear on the surface, and after drying, they are filled with gypsum slurry with glue and then polished. The hollow drum area (knocking sound) needs to be removed within a 5cm radius, cleaned, and reapplied. The gypsum components such as suspended ceilings are fixed for 24 hours more than usual after construction, fully cured (with a strength of ≥ 70%), and then the supports are removed to prevent deformation.

　　总之，济南石膏粉夏季施工要控温调时、精准调配材料、规范操作并做好养护，结合气候特点应对，可有效避免质量问题。

　　In summary, the summer construction of gypsum powder in Jinan requires temperature and time control, precise material allocation, standardized operation, and proper maintenance, combined with climate characteristics to effectively avoid quality problems.

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