济南地区的石膏粉，凭借本地矿产资源与加工工艺的结合，形成了独特的产品特性，在建筑、医疗、艺术等多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。其从矿石开采到成品加工的全流程，既体现了地域资源的优势，也展现了传统工艺与现代技术的融合。

　　Gypsum powder in Jinan area, with the combination of local mineral resources and processing technology, has formed unique product characteristics and plays an irreplaceable role in multiple fields such as architecture, medicine, and art. The entire process from ore mining to finished product processing not only reflects the advantages of regional resources, but also demonstrates the integration of traditional craftsmanship and modern technology.

　　济南石膏粉的原料主要来自本地沉积型石膏矿，这类矿石纯度较高（二水硫酸钙含量普遍在 95% 以上），杂质少（石英、白云石等杂质含量低于 3%），为优质石膏粉生产提供了基础。开采出的石膏矿石经清洗、破碎后，进入煅烧环节 —— 根据用途不同，煅烧温度控制在 120-200℃之间：低温煅烧（120-150℃）生成半水石膏（β 型），具有凝结快、强度高的特点；高温煅烧（170-200℃）则生成 α 型半水石膏，凝结时间更长，适合需要精细塑形的场景。煅烧过程中，通过控制窑内通风量与温度梯度，可减少石膏粉的过烧或欠烧（过烧会导致凝结迟缓，欠烧则使强度下降），确保产品质量稳定。

　　The raw materials for Jinan gypsum powder mainly come from local sedimentary gypsum mines, which have high purity (calcium sulfate dihydrate content generally above 95%) and low impurities (impurities such as quartz and dolomite content below 3%), providing a foundation for the production of high-quality gypsum powder. After cleaning and crushing, the extracted gypsum ore enters the calcination process - depending on its use, the calcination temperature is controlled between 120-200 ℃: low-temperature calcination (120-150 ℃) produces semi hydrated gypsum (β - type), which has the characteristics of fast setting and high strength; High temperature calcination (170-200 ℃) produces alpha type hemihydrate gypsum, which has a longer setting time and is suitable for scenes that require fine shaping. During the calcination process, by controlling the ventilation rate and temperature gradient inside the kiln, the over burning or under burning of gypsum powder can be reduced (over burning can cause slow solidification, while under burning can reduce strength), ensuring stable product quality.

　　在建筑领域，济南石膏粉的应用最为广泛。作为墙体材料的添加剂，它能改善砂浆的和易性（保水率≥85%），减少开裂现象，例如在室内抹灰工程中，掺入 5%-10% 的石膏粉可使砂浆凝结时间延长至 4-6 小时，便于施工操作。石膏腻子则利用其细腻的质地（细度可达 325 目以上），使墙面平整度误差控制在 2 毫米以内，且干燥后不收缩、不返潮，适合济南潮湿季节的室内装修。此外，石膏砌块、石膏板等建材，通过石膏粉与纤维、发泡剂的混合，兼具轻质（容重≤800kg/m?）与防火性能（耐火极限≥1 小时），在高层建筑中可降低结构负荷，提升消防安全等级。

　　In the field of architecture, Jinan gypsum powder is widely used. As an additive for wall materials, it can improve the workability of mortar (water retention rate ≥ 85%) and reduce cracking. For example, in indoor plastering projects, adding 5% -10% gypsum powder can extend the setting time of mortar to 4-6 hours, which is convenient for construction operations. Gypsum putty utilizes its delicate texture (fineness can reach 325 mesh or more) to control the flatness error of the wall within 2 millimeters, and does not shrink or regain moisture after drying, making it suitable for indoor decoration during the humid season in Jinan. In addition, building materials such as gypsum blocks and gypsum boards are lightweight (with a density of ≤ 800kg/m) by mixing gypsum powder with fibers and foaming agents? ）With fire resistance performance (fire resistance limit ≥ 1 hour), it can reduce structural load and improve fire safety level in high-rise buildings.

　　医疗与模具行业对石膏粉的纯度和性能有更高要求。医用石膏粉需经过除杂提纯（纯度≥99%），用于制作骨折固定夹板，其初凝时间需控制在 5-8 分钟，终凝不超过 30 分钟，固化后强度适中（抗压强度≥6MPa），既便于塑形固定，又能在愈合后轻松拆除。在精密铸造模具中，α 型石膏粉与水按 1:0.5 的比例混合，可浇筑出表面粗糙度 Ra≤3.2μm 的模具型腔，适用于汽车零件、艺术品的铸造翻模，济南本地的一些工艺品厂常用其复制复杂花纹，成品细节还原度可达 95% 以上。

　　The medical and mold industries have higher requirements for the purity and performance of gypsum powder. Medical gypsum powder needs to undergo impurity removal and purification (purity ≥ 99%) for the production of fracture fixation splints. Its initial setting time should be controlled within 5-8 minutes, and the final setting time should not exceed 30 minutes. After solidification, the strength should be moderate (compressive strength ≥ 6MPa), which is easy to shape and fix, and can be easily removed after healing. In precision casting molds, alpha type gypsum powder is mixed with water in a ratio of 1:0.5 to pour mold cavities with a surface roughness Ra ≤ 3.2 μ m, which is suitable for casting and flipping of automotive parts and artworks. Some local handicraft factories in Jinan often use it to replicate complex patterns, and the restoration of finished product details can reach over 95%.

　　艺术创作领域，石膏粉是雕塑与装饰的基础材料。雕塑用石膏粉需具备良好的流动性（流动度≥180mm），能精准填充模具的每一处细节，干燥后硬度适中（莫氏硬度 2 级），便于后期打磨修整。在古建筑修复中，济南的传统工匠会将石膏粉与糯米浆混合，调制出具有韧性的灰浆，用于修补石雕、砖雕的缺损部位，这种混合材料既保留了石膏的易塑形性，又提升了耐久性（抗折强度≥2MPa），在本地的文物修复工程中得到广泛应用。

　　In the field of artistic creation, gypsum powder is the basic material for sculpture and decoration. Gypsum powder for sculpture needs to have good flowability (flowability ≥ 180mm), accurately fill every detail of the mold, and have moderate hardness (Mohs hardness level 2) after drying, making it easy to polish and repair in the later stage. In the restoration of ancient buildings, traditional craftsmen in Jinan mix gypsum powder with glutinous rice slurry to create a tough mortar, which is used to repair damaged parts of stone and brick carvings. This mixed material not only retains the plasticity of gypsum, but also enhances its durability (flexural strength ≥ 2MPa), and is widely used in local cultural relic restoration projects.

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