1、墙面平整度检查

　　刮腻子前应测量墙面的平整度（用2m以上检测尺），以确定要刮腻子的方法。一般墙面刮2遍腻子即可，既能找平，又能罩住底色。平整度较差的墙面需要在局部多刮几遍。如果平整度极差或墙面倾斜严重，可考虑先刮一遍找平石膏进行找平，之后再刮腻子。每遍腻子批刮的间隔时间应在2小时以上（表干以后）。

1. Wall flatness inspectionBefore applying putty, the flatness of the wall should be measured (using a measuring ruler of 2m or longer) to determine the method of applying putty. Generally, applying putty twice to the wall is sufficient, which can both level the surface and cover the underlying color. For walls with poor flatness, additional coats may be required in certain areas. If the flatness is extremely poor or the wall is severely tilted, consider applying a layer of leveling plaster first for leveling, and then applying putty. The interval between each coat of putty should be more than 2 hours (after the surface dries).

2、选择耐水腻子

　　821是被命令限制使用的腻子品种，它不耐水、不结实、易起皮、开裂，很多工人为增加821的结实程度经常向其中添加白乳胶、108胶等胶水，为健康留下了隐患。耐水腻子不存在上述风险，它结实、耐水、兑水即可使用无需任何胶水、长期使用不需铲除（10-20年），是真正能够达到“一次施工长期受益”的产品。所以在选用腻子的同时，一定要综合多方面因素的考虑，现在 产品很多，但对于刮腻子来说，要选择不仅能够很好的粘结，还能在平整墙面的同时使其干净洁白。

2. Choose water-resistant putty. 821 is a type of putty that is restricted by order due to its poor water resistance, lack of durability, and tendency to peel and crack. Many workers often add white latex, 108 glue, and other adhesives to 821 to increase its durability, posing health hazards. Water-resistant putty does not have the aforementioned risks. It is durable, water-resistant, and can be used directly with water without any adhesives. It does not need to be removed after long-term use (10-20 years), making it a product that truly achieves "long-term benefits from one application". Therefore, when choosing putty, it is important to consider various factors comprehensively. There are many products available, but for puttying, it is necessary to choose one that not only adheres well but also levels the wall surface while keeping it clean and white.

3、石膏粗打底

　　耐水腻子单此施工不能刮得太厚，否则会在干燥过程中开裂，这是其美中不足的地方。因此，平整度较差时就需要多次施工，甚至用石膏先粗粗打一遍厚底才行。

3. Rough plastering with gypsum board. Water-resistant putty cannot be applied too thickly in a single application, as it may crack during the drying process, which is a minor flaw. Therefore, multiple applications are necessary when the flatness is poor, and it may even be necessary to apply a rough layer of gypsum board as a thick base first.

4、腻子配置

　　搅拌耐水腻子时，应按粉：水=2：1左右的比例配置，用电钻先搅拌一遍，基本均匀后放置10分钟左右，再用电钻充分搅拌，这时便可以使用了。

4. Putty preparation When mixing water-resistant putty, prepare it at a ratio of approximately 2 parts powder to 1 part water. First, use an electric drill to mix the ingredients together. After achieving basic uniformity, let it sit for about 10 minutes. Then, use the electric drill to mix it thoroughly. At this point, the putty is ready for use.

5、找平石膏

　　严格说，找平石膏也算是一种腻子，但它的主要成分是石膏，表面较粗，适用于底层的厚找平，单次找平厚度可以达到5mm左右。好的找平石膏一定是具有一定耐水性，而且比耐水腻子粘接强度还要高的产品，只有这样才能**在长期使用中不出问题。石膏与腻子的施工方法相似，..不同的就是石膏一般一遍即可，而且干燥凝固速度较快。

5. Leveling PlasterStrictly speaking, leveling plaster can also be considered as a type of putty, but its main component is gypsum, and its surface is relatively coarse, making it suitable for thick leveling of the substrate. The thickness of a single leveling can reach about 5mm. A good leveling plaster must have a certain water resistance, and it should have a higher bonding strength than water-resistant putty. Only in this way can it **avoid problems during long-term use. The construction methods of gypsum and putty are similar,.. The difference is that gypsum generally requires only one application, and it dries and sets faster.

6、打磨腻子

　　耐水腻子完全上强度之后（5-7天）会变得坚实无比，此时再进行打磨就会变得异常困难。因此，建议刮过腻子之后1-2天便开始进行腻子打磨。

打磨可选在夜间，用200瓦以上的电灯泡贴近墙面照明（白天也需要用灯泡找平），边打磨边查看平整程度。打磨腻子时会产生大量粉尘，请在场人员备好口罩，虽然腻子 、无害，但粉尘却不是什么好东西，要注意预防。

6. Sanding putty: After the water-resistant putty has fully set (5-7 days), it becomes extremely hard, making sanding extremely difficult. Therefore, it is recommended to start sanding the putty 1-2 days after scraping it. Sanding can be done at night, using a light bulb of 200 watts or more to illuminate the wall surface (a light bulb is also needed for leveling during the day). While sanding, check the levelness. Sanding putty generates a lot of dust, so personnel on site should prepare masks. Although the putty itself is harmless, the dust is not good, so precautions should be taken.

7、刷底漆

　　清理打磨后的腻子表面的浮尘后，便可以涂刷底漆。底漆涂刷一遍即可，务必均匀，待其干透后（2-4小时）可以进行下一步骤。

7. Applying PrimerAfter cleaning the dust off the polished putty surface, the primer can be applied. The primer should be applied evenly in one coat, and the next step can be carried out after it dries completely (2-4 hours).