装修完没多久，墙面就出现细裂纹、起皮、甚至整块脱落，很多人第一反应是乳胶漆质量问题。其实十有八九出在底层——腻子没选对、没干透就上漆，或者基层处理不到位。腻子粉看着不起眼，却是墙面寿命的地基。

Not long after the decoration is completed, there are fine cracks, peeling, and even whole pieces falling off on the walls. Many people's first reaction is that the quality of the latex paint is a problem. In fact, it is highly likely to be at the bottom layer - the putty is not selected correctly, the paint is applied before it dries completely, or the base treatment is not in place. Putty powder may seem unremarkable, but it is the foundation of the wall's lifespan.

一、腻子分耐水型和普通型

1、 Putty is divided into water-resistant and ordinary types

普通腻子便宜，但遇潮容易粉化、起皮，适合干燥区域的顶面。耐水腻子粘结强度高、耐潮性好，适合厨房、卫生间、地下室和潮湿地区。济南夏季湿度不低，墙面建议优先用耐水腻子，尤其是一楼和靠外墙的房间。买的时候看执行标准，耐水型有明确的粘结强度和耐水性指标。

Ordinary putty is cheap, but it is prone to powdering and peeling when wet, making it suitable for the top surface in dry areas. Waterproof putty has high bonding strength and good moisture resistance, suitable for kitchens, bathrooms, basements, and humid areas. The humidity in Jinan is not low in summer, so it is recommended to prioritize using water-resistant putty for walls, especially for rooms on the first floor and near the exterior walls. When buying, check the execution standards. Water resistant models have clear indicators of bonding strength and water resistance.

二、石膏粉用于粗找平

2、 Gypsum powder is used for rough leveling

墙面平整度差、有深坑或缝隙时，先用石膏粉做粗找平，干透后再批腻子。石膏凝结快、强度高，但不能代替腻子做面层，否则表面粗糙、难打磨。抹面砂浆则用于外墙和保温层表面，强度和抗裂性要求更高，室内外墙料不能混用。

When the wall surface has poor flatness, deep pits or gaps, first use gypsum powder to make a rough leveling, dry it thoroughly, and then apply putty. Gypsum sets quickly and has high strength, but it cannot replace putty as a surface layer, otherwise the surface will be rough and difficult to polish. Mortar is used for exterior walls and insulation surfaces, with higher requirements for strength and crack resistance. Indoor and outdoor materials cannot be mixed.

三、施工比材料更关键

3、 Construction is more critical than materials

腻子要批两到三遍，每遍干透再批下一遍。赶工期没干透就上漆，水分被封在里面，后期必然起鼓、开裂。打磨要到位，但别打磨过度露出底层。基层有浮灰、油污、空鼓，建议先处理干净，否则腻子粘不牢。

Putty should be applied two to three times, and the next coat should be applied after each coat is completely dry. If the paint is applied before it dries completely due to the tight schedule, the moisture will be trapped inside, and it will inevitably swell and crack in the later stage. The polishing should be in place, but do not polish too much to expose the bottom layer. There is floating ash, oil stains, and hollowing at the grassroots level, which must be cleaned first, otherwise the putty will not stick firmly.

四、环保指标别忽视

4、 Don't ignore environmental indicators

劣质腻子可能含甲醛、重金属，大面积用在室内影响健康。正规厂家会提供检测报告，VOC和游离甲醛含量要符合国标。闻起来有刺鼻气味的，别用。

Poor quality putty may contain formaldehyde and heavy metals, and its widespread use indoors can affect health. Legitimate manufacturers will provide testing reports, and the VOC and free formaldehyde content must comply with national standards. It smells pungent, don't use it.

五、选厂家看三点

5、 Three points to consider when choosing a manufacturer

一看是不是本地生产，腻子粉运输成本高，本地厂家供货快、补货方便；二看有没有稳定的原材料渠道和检测能力，批次质量稳不稳定很关键；三看能不能提供施工指导，不同基层、不同气候的用法有差异，有技术支持的厂家更省心。

At first glance, if it is produced locally, the transportation cost of putty powder is high, and local manufacturers have fast supply and convenient replenishment; Secondly, check if there are stable raw material channels and testing capabilities. The stability of batch quality is crucial; Let's see if you can provide construction guidance. The usage varies depending on the grassroots and climate, and manufacturers with technical support are more worry free.

墙面是家里面积非常大的部分，底层做扎实，后面才不出问题.

The wall is the largest part of the home, and the bottom layer should be solid to prevent any problems at the back