很多业主收房时墙面平平整整，过了一个采暖季，窗边、梁底、不同材料交接处开始冒细缝。监理一来就说“温差正常”，其实八成是抹面这一层在选材和施工上偷了懒。

Many homeowners receive their homes with flat walls, but after a heating season, fine cracks begin to appear at the edges of windows, beams, and junctions of different materials. As soon as the supervisor arrived, he said 'the temperature difference is normal', but in fact, it is probably due to laziness in the selection and construction of the plastering layer.

先分清两件事，别把材料用串：

First, distinguish two things and don't string the materials together:

实体墙找平、室内糙坯收面，用的是普通抹灰砂浆，可以厚批，靠水泥砂子把凹凸吃平。

The leveling of solid walls and rough finishing of indoor surfaces are achieved using ordinary plastering mortar, which can be applied in thick batches and smoothed out by cement sand.

外墙保温板外面那层薄薄的保护层，用的是聚合物抗裂抹面砂浆，建议搭配耐碱玻纤网，它不负责找平，只负责跟着保温板一起伸缩、抗裂。

The thin protective layer on the outside of the external wall insulation board is made of polymer anti cracking plaster mortar, which must be matched with alkali resistant fiberglass mesh. It is not responsible for leveling, but only for expanding and cracking along with the insulation board.

拿普通水泥砂浆去抹保温板，刚性太大，板子一热胀冷缩，表面直接网裂；反过来拿抗裂砂浆做厚找平，成本高不说，批太厚照样缩裂。

Using ordinary cement mortar to apply insulation board, the rigidity is too high, and the board will expand and shrink when heated, causing the surface to crack directly; On the other hand, using anti cracking mortar for thick leveling is costly, and even if the batch is too thick, it will still shrink and crack.

现场避坑盯五处：

Focus on five locations to avoid pitfalls on site:

第一，基层不处理等于白抹。混凝土面脱模剂没清、加气块没提前湿水，砂浆上墙水分被瞬间吸干，粘结强度直接腰斩。

Firstly, not addressing issues at the grassroots level is equivalent to whitewashing. The concrete surface release agent is not clear, and the aerated blocks are not wetted in advance. The moisture on the mortar wall is instantly absorbed, and the bonding strength is directly halved.

第二，不同材质交界（梁柱和砌块、剪力墙和轻质砖）建议压一层钢丝网或玻纤网，单边搭接不少于15厘米，不然这里必裂。

Secondly, at the junction of different materials (beams, columns, blocks, shear walls, and lightweight bricks), a layer of steel wire mesh or fiberglass mesh must be pressed, with a single-sided overlap of no less than 15 centimeters, otherwise it will crack.

第三，薄层多遍。单遍别超过8到10毫米，太厚内层没干外层先硬，收缩拉裂；两遍之间底灰不能干透再上第二遍。

Thirdly, apply multiple thin layers. Do not exceed 8 to 10 millimeters in a single pass. If the inner layer is too thick, the outer layer will harden before it dries, causing shrinkage and tearing; The bottom ash should not dry completely between two coats before applying a second coat.

第四，别现场乱加“砂浆王”、洗衣粉、石灰膏。这些东西短期好刮，长期强度崩盘、空鼓返弹。

Fourthly, do not randomly add "mortar king", laundry detergent, and lime paste on site. These things are easy to scrape in the short term, but their long-term strength will collapse and bounce back.

第五，养护别省。抹完24小时开始保湿养护，至少3天，高温大风天一天喷三四次。很多裂缝不是材料差，是抹完就撤人、第二天就干裂。

Fifth, maintain other provinces. Moisturizing and maintenance should begin 24 hours after application, for at least 3 days. Spray three or four times a day on hot and windy days. Many cracks are not caused by poor materials, but by being removed after wiping and drying out the next day.

顺手记一条验收红线：外墙抹面做完泼一点水，微细裂纹立马显形；用空鼓锤全墙敲一遍，单处空鼓超过20厘米就返工，别等刮腻子再补救，那时候维修成本是前期的三倍。

Remember a red line for acceptance: After finishing the exterior wall plastering, pour a little water on it, and fine cracks will immediately appear; Use a hollow drum hammer to knock the entire wall once. If a single hollow drum exceeds 20 centimeters, rework it. Don't wait for putty to be applied before remedying it. At that time, the repair cost will be three times higher than in the early stage.

把“基层润、挂网断、薄批、禁乱掺、勤养护”这五句钉在交底会上，交房后维修单能少一大半。

Nail the five sentences of "grassroots lubrication, suspension of hanging nets, thin batch, prohibition of unauthorized mixing, and diligent maintenance" at the briefing, and after the handover of the house, the maintenance order can be reduced by more than half.