抹面砂浆施工看起来简单，但很多人不知道：抹面砂浆要分3层施工，每层的配比和功能完全不同。做错一层，整面墙都可能空鼓脱落。

The construction of plastering mortar may seem simple, but many people do not know that plastering mortar needs to be constructed in three layers, with completely different proportions and functions for each layer. If you make a mistake, the entire wall may become hollow and fall off.

第一层：底层砂浆——负责“粘住”。 底层抹灰的作用是使砂浆与底面牢固粘结。要求砂浆具有良好的和易性和较高的粘结力。保水性要好，否则水分容易被基层材料吸掉，影响粘结力。底层施工前，基层表面要处理得粗糙一些，有利于与砂浆粘结。砖墙底层多用石灰砂浆，混凝土基体常用混合砂浆。底层没粘牢，上面两层白做。

First layer: Bottom mortar - responsible for "adhesion". The function of bottom plastering is to firmly bond the mortar with the bottom surface. Require mortar to have good workability and high bonding strength. Good water retention, otherwise moisture is easily absorbed by the base material, affecting the bonding strength. Before the construction of the bottom layer, the surface of the base layer should be roughened to facilitate bonding with the mortar. Lime mortar is commonly used for the bottom layer of brick walls, while mixed mortar is commonly used for concrete substrates. The bottom layer is not firmly adhered, and the top two layers are made of white.

第二层：中层砂浆——负责“找平”。 中层抹灰主要是为了找平。在底层凝结硬化后进行。如果抹灰砂浆厚度大于10mm，建议分层抹灰，每层分别压实、抹平。中层的作用是把墙面弄平，为面层打基础。

Second layer: Middle layer mortar - responsible for "leveling". Middle layer plastering is mainly for leveling. After the bottom layer solidifies and hardens. If the thickness of the plastering mortar is greater than 10mm, it must be plastered in layers, and each layer must be compacted and smoothed separately. The role of the middle layer is to flatten the wall and lay the foundation for the surface layer.

第三层：面层砂浆——负责“好看”。 面层追求平整美观，选用细砂。面层砂浆抹完后，表面应平整。面层砂浆的配比通常更精细——面层砂浆应采用1:2.5水泥砂浆或1:0.5:3.5水泥混合砂浆。抹面层灰前，先检查底层砂浆有无空鼓、开裂。底层砂浆上的尘土、污垢要清净，浇水湿润后再抹面层灰。

Third layer: Surface mortar - responsible for "looking good". The surface layer pursues smoothness and beauty, using fine sand. After the surface layer mortar is applied, the surface should be smooth. The ratio of surface mortar is usually finer - the surface mortar should use 1:2.5 cement mortar or 1:0.5:3.5 cement mixed mortar. Before plastering the surface layer, check the bottom mortar for any hollowing or cracking. The dust and dirt on the bottom mortar should be cleaned, and the surface layer should be plastered after being moistened with water.

施工的先后顺序：基层处理→吊直套方找规矩贴灰饼→墙面冲筋→做护角→抹底灰→抹中层灰→抹面层灰→养护。底灰和中层灰用1:2.5水泥砂浆或水泥混合砂浆涂抹，用磨板搓平带毛面。做护角用1:2.5水泥砂浆，高度不应低于2m，每侧宽度不小于50mm。

The sequence of construction is as follows: base treatment → hanging straight sleeves, finding rules, pasting plaster cakes → wall reinforcement → corner protection → plastering the bottom → plastering the middle layer → plastering the surface layer → curing. Apply 1:2.5 cement mortar or cement mixed mortar to the bottom and middle layers, and use a grinding board to smooth out the rough surface. Use 1:2.5 cement mortar for corner protection, with a height of no less than 2m and a width of no less than 50mm on each side.

关键提醒：抹灰程序应从上往下打底，底层砂浆抹完后将架子升上去，再从上往下抹面层砂浆。每层之间要等前一层凝结硬化后再进行下一层。赶工期一次抹太厚，空鼓开裂就是迟早的事。

Key reminder: The plastering process should start from top to bottom, and after the bottom layer of mortar is applied, lift the frame up and then apply the surface layer of mortar from top to bottom. Each layer should wait for the previous layer to solidify and harden before proceeding to the next layer. It's only a matter of time before hollowing and cracking due to applying too much thickness during the rush to finish.