抹面砂浆常被简称为“抹灰砂浆”，很多人以为就是“水泥+砂子+水”搅一搅抹上墙。实际上，抹面砂浆是建筑工程中用量非常大的装修材料，不仅要保护墙体不受风雨侵蚀，还要让表面平整美观，更要和基层牢牢粘在一起。

Plastering mortar is often referred to as "plastering mortar", and many people think it is "cement+sand+water" mixed and applied to the wall. In fact, plastering mortar is the most commonly used decoration material in construction projects. It not only protects the walls from wind and rain erosion, but also makes the surface smooth and beautiful, and firmly adheres to the base layer.

三层结构各有分工，顺序不能乱

The three-layer structure has its own division of labor, and the order cannot be disorderly

墙面抹灰不是“一枪头”抹完。规范做法分三层施工，每层有不同任务：

Wall plastering is not done with a single shot. The standardized construction method is divided into three layers, each with different tasks:

底层砂浆负责粘结基层，建议有良好的保水性和粘结力，否则水分被墙体吸收太快，砂浆挂不住、易脱落。基层表面应粗糙，光滑混凝土墙面需做“毛化处理”（甩浆或拉毛），增加机械咬合力。

The bottom mortar is responsible for bonding the base layer and must have good water retention and bonding strength, otherwise the moisture will be absorbed too quickly by the wall, and the mortar will not hang on and easily fall off. The surface of the base layer should be rough, and the smooth concrete wall surface needs to be treated with "roughening treatment" (slurry throwing or roughening) to increase mechanical biting force.

中层砂浆负责找平，有时可省略。面层砂浆负责平整美观，用细砂，要求表面光洁、细致。

The middle layer mortar is responsible for leveling, sometimes it can be omitted. The surface mortar is responsible for leveling and aesthetics, using fine sand, and requires a smooth and delicate surface.

水泥基 vs 石膏基，场景决定选择

Cement based vs gypsum based, scene determines choice

抹面砂浆按胶凝材料主要分两类：

The plastering mortar is mainly divided into two types according to the binding material:

水泥基抹面砂浆：以水泥为主要胶凝材料，强度高、耐水好。用于厨卫、外墙等潮湿或强度要求高的部位。

Cement based plastering mortar: using cement as the main binding material, with high strength and good water resistance. Used in damp or high strength areas such as kitchens, bathrooms, and exterior walls.

石膏基抹面砂浆：以石膏为主要胶凝材料，凝结快、收缩小、施工效率高。但怕水，只能在室内干燥区域使用。

Gypsum based plastering mortar: using gypsum as the main binding material, it sets quickly, shrinks less, and has high construction efficiency. But afraid of water, can only be used indoors in dry areas.

室内干燥区域用抹灰石膏，厨卫、外墙建议用水泥基，这是原则问题。发明专利CN117285304A公开了一种兼具粘结力、抗渗和渗水修复功能的抹面砂浆配方，含SAP颗粒遇水膨胀堵住渗水通道，可用于老旧建筑围护结构的渗水修复。

Indoor dry areas should be plastered with gypsum, while kitchens, bathrooms, and exterior walls must be made of cement-based materials. This is a matter of principle. The invention patent CN117285304A discloses a plaster mortar formula that combines adhesive strength, impermeability, and water seepage repair functions. It contains SAP particles that expand and block water seepage channels when in contact with water, and can be used for water seepage repair of old building envelope structures.

预拌砂浆与现场搅拌：省事还是省心？

Ready mixed mortar and on-site mixing: hassle free or worry free?

预拌抹灰砂浆正逐步取代现场搅拌砂浆。但预拌砂浆也给施工提出了新要求：现场不能通过随意加水泥、加塑化剂来调整配方，施工人员建议改变作业方法适应砂浆性能。同时，预拌砂浆强度通常比现场配制的更高，对基层处理质量要求也更严——强度越高，抹灰层的拉应力越大，基层界面处理不到位，空鼓开裂风险反而上升。

Pre mixed plastering mortar is gradually replacing on-site mixing mortar. But pre mixed mortar also puts forward new requirements for construction: the formula cannot be adjusted by adding cement or plasticizers at will on site, and construction personnel must change their work methods to adapt to the performance of the mortar. At the same time, the strength of pre mixed mortar is usually higher than that prepared on site, and the requirements for the quality of base treatment are also stricter - the higher the strength, the greater the tensile stress of the plaster layer, and if the base interface is not properly treated, the risk of hollowing and cracking will actually increase.

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