一、建筑石膏粉​

1、 Building gypsum powder

建筑石膏粉，作为石膏粉家族中应用最为广泛的一员，在济南的建筑领域发挥着基础性作用。它主要由天然二水石膏经过低温煅烧（107 - 170℃）脱水而成，其主要成分是半水硫酸钙（CaSO₄・0.5H₂O） 。建筑石膏粉具有凝结硬化快的特点，一般在加水搅拌后 5 - 10 分钟内便开始初凝，30 分钟左右即可终凝，这一特性使得施工效率大幅提高，尤其适用于工期紧张的项目 。此外，它硬化后体积微膨胀，膨胀率约为 0.5% - 1%，能有效避免因收缩产生的裂缝，确保了墙面、地面等施工部位的平整度和美观度 。建筑石膏粉还具备良好的防火性能，遇火时，二水石膏中的结晶水会逐渐释放，吸收大量热量，在材料表面形成水蒸气幕，阻止火势蔓延，为人员疏散和灭火争取宝贵时间 。​

Architectural gypsum powder, as the most widely used member of the gypsum powder family, plays a fundamental role in the construction field in Jinan. It is mainly made by low-temperature calcination (107-170 ℃) dehydration of natural dihydrate gypsum, and its main component is calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO ₄ · 0.5H ₂ O). Architectural gypsum powder has the characteristic of fast setting and hardening. Generally, it starts to set within 5-10 minutes after mixing with water and can reach final setting in about 30 minutes. This feature greatly improves construction efficiency, especially for projects with tight schedules. In addition, after hardening, its volume slightly expands with an expansion rate of about 0.5% -1%, which can effectively avoid cracks caused by shrinkage and ensure the flatness and aesthetics of construction parts such as walls and floors. Architectural gypsum powder also has good fire resistance. When exposed to fire, the crystalline water in dihydrate gypsum will gradually release, absorb a large amount of heat, and form a water vapor curtain on the surface of the material, preventing the spread of fire and buying valuable time for personnel evacuation and firefighting. ​

二、高强石膏粉​

2、 High strength gypsum powder

高强石膏粉相较于普通建筑石膏粉，在性能上有了质的飞跃。它通常是将天然石膏或化学石膏经过高温煅烧（170 - 200℃），并添加适量外加剂制成 。高强石膏粉的强度明显更高，其 3 小时的抗压强度可达 25 - 40MPa，而普通建筑石膏粉仅为 3 - 5MPa 。这使得高强石膏粉在一些对强度要求严苛的建筑部位大显身手，如制作高强度的石膏装饰线条、石膏雕塑等。在济南的一些高端商业建筑和艺术场馆中，常常能看到用高强石膏粉制作的精美装饰构件，它们不仅为建筑增添了独特的艺术魅力，还凭借高强石膏粉的高强度特性，保障了装饰构件的稳定性和耐久性 。同时，高强石膏粉的耐磨性也优于普通石膏粉，在地面找平、工业厂房地面处理等场景中应用广泛，能有效承受长期的人员走动、设备摩擦等外力作用 。​

Compared to ordinary building gypsum powder, high-strength gypsum powder has made a qualitative leap in performance. It is usually made by calcining natural gypsum or chemical gypsum at high temperatures (170-200 ℃) and adding appropriate additives. The strength of high-strength gypsum powder is significantly higher, with a compressive strength of 25-40MPa after 3 hours, while ordinary building gypsum powder is only 3-5MPa. This makes high-strength gypsum powder highly effective in some building parts that require strict strength, such as making high-strength gypsum decorative lines, gypsum sculptures, etc. In some high-end commercial buildings and art venues in Jinan, exquisite decorative components made of high-strength gypsum powder can often be seen. They not only add unique artistic charm to the building, but also ensure the stability and durability of the decorative components with the high-strength characteristics of high-strength gypsum powder. At the same time, the wear resistance of high-strength gypsum powder is better than that of ordinary gypsum powder, and it is widely used in ground leveling, industrial plant floor treatment and other scenarios. It can effectively withstand long-term external forces such as personnel movement and equipment friction. ​

三、脱硫石膏粉​

3、 Desulfurization gypsum powder

脱硫石膏粉是一种具有环保意义的石膏粉品种。它主要来源于火力发电厂、钢铁厂等企业的烟气脱硫过程，是石灰石 - 石膏湿法脱硫工艺的副产品 。在济南，随着环保政策的日益严格，众多工业企业加大了烟气脱硫力度，从而产生了大量的脱硫石膏粉。脱硫石膏粉与天然石膏在化学成分上相似，但在晶体形态、杂质含量等方面存在差异 。它的颗粒较细，分布均匀，纯度较高，经过适当处理后，可广泛应用于建筑材料领域。例如，将脱硫石膏粉用于生产纸面石膏板，能有效降低生产成本，同时实现资源的循环利用。在济南的一些新型绿色建筑中，大量使用了以脱硫石膏粉为原料的纸面石膏板作为隔墙和吊顶材料，既满足了建筑的功能需求，又符合环保理念，助力济南向绿色城市迈进 。

Desulfurized gypsum powder is a type of gypsum powder with environmental significance. It mainly comes from the flue gas desulfurization process of enterprises such as thermal power plants and steel plants, and is a by-product of the limestone gypsum wet desulfurization process. In Jinan, with the increasingly strict environmental policies, many industrial enterprises have increased their efforts in flue gas desulfurization, resulting in a large amount of desulfurization gypsum powder. Desulfurized gypsum powder is chemically similar to natural gypsum, but there are differences in crystal morphology, impurity content, and other aspects. Its particles are fine, evenly distributed, and of high purity. After appropriate treatment, it can be widely used in the field of building materials. For example, using desulfurization gypsum powder to produce paper faced gypsum board can effectively reduce production costs and achieve resource recycling. In some new green buildings in Jinan, a large amount of paper faced gypsum board made from desulfurization gypsum powder is used as partition and ceiling materials, which not only meets the functional needs of the building but also conforms to environmental protection concepts, helping Jinan move towards a green city.

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