一、结块砂浆 = 面粉结块：先看「变质程度」

　　1、 Agglomeration mortar=flour agglomeration: first look at the "degree of deterioration"

　　想象你打开面粉袋发现结块 —— 轻微结块搓一搓还能用，严重结块硬如石头只能扔掉。抹面砂浆结块同理：某工地曾把硬结块砂浆打碎混用，结果墙面半年后大面积空鼓，维修成本比材料贵 10 倍！学会这 3 步，让你少扔材料少踩坑。

　　Imagine you open a flour bag and find clumps - slight clumps can still be used by rubbing, while severe clumps are as hard as stones and can only be thrown away. The same applies to the clumping of plastering mortar: A construction site once crushed and mixed hard clumped mortar, resulting in a large area of hollowing on the wall half a year later, and the repair cost was 10 times more expensive than the material! Learn these 3 steps to avoid throwing materials and stepping on pitfalls.

　　二、第一步：看结块「硬度等级」

　　2、 Step 1: Check the "hardness level" of the lumps

　　1. 轻微结块：像「受潮饼干」

　　1. Slight clumping: like "damp cookies"

　　特征：用手轻捏能碎成粉末，颗粒直径≤5mm，某装修师傅说「像捏碎受潮的苏打饼干」；

　　Features: It can be easily crushed into powder by hand, with a particle diameter of ≤ 5mm. A certain decorator said, 'It's like crushing damp soda crackers.';

　　处理方法：过 1.25mm 筛网筛除颗粒，加水重新搅拌后，可用于非承重部位打底。

　　Solution: Use a 1.25mm sieve to remove particles, add water and stir again. It can be used as a base for non load bearing areas.

　　2. 中度结块：像「陈年老红糖」

　　2. Moderate clumping: like "aged brown sugar"

　　表现：结块捏不碎但能掰断，断面有细微粉末，某工地案例中，这种砂浆重新搅拌后，强度下降 15%；

　　Performance: Agglomeration that cannot be crushed but can be broken, with fine powder on the cross section. In a certain construction site case, after re mixing, the strength of this mortar decreased by 15%;

　　限制使用：只能用于非受力墙面抹灰，且厚度≤5mm。

　　Restricted use: Can only be used for plastering non stress walls, with a thickness of ≤ 5mm.

　　3. 重度结块：像「水泥疙瘩」

　　3. Heavy clumping: like "cement lumps"

　　状态：硬如石头，用锤子砸才碎，某小区用这种砂浆抹墙，3 个月后墙面开裂如蛛网；

　　Status: As hard as a stone, it only breaks when smashed with a hammer. In a certain residential area, this mortar is used to plaster the walls, and after 3 months, the walls crack like spider webs;

　　铁律：必须全部废弃，某装修公司省材料误用，最终返工损失 2 万元。

　　Iron rule: All must be discarded. A certain decoration company saved materials from misuse, resulting in a loss of 20000 yuan for rework.

　　三、第二步：测砂浆「活性指数」

　　3、 Step 2: Measure the "activity index" of mortar

　　1. 加水搅拌测试

　　1. Add water and stir for testing

　　操作：取 100g 结块砂浆加 15% 水搅拌，合格砂浆应在 3 分钟内恢复可塑性，某师傅用这招发现：中度结块砂浆搅拌后粘性比新砂浆差 30%；

　　Operation: Take 100g of agglomerated mortar and mix it with 15% water. The qualified mortar should restore its plasticity within 3 minutes. A master found that the viscosity of moderately agglomerated mortar after mixing is 30% worse than that of new mortar;

　　类比：像揉面团，好砂浆揉匀后光滑，结块砂浆揉完仍有颗粒。

　　Analogy: Like kneading dough, good mortar is smooth after being kneaded evenly, while clumped mortar still has particles after kneading.

　　2. 粘结力测试

　　2. Adhesive strength test

　　简易方法：抹在瓷砖上晾 24 小时，用指甲刮，合格砂浆应无粉末脱落，某案例中结块砂浆一刮就掉渣，粘结力只剩新砂浆的 40%；

　　Simple method: Apply it to the ceramic tiles and let them air dry for 24 hours. Use a fingernail to scrape it. The qualified mortar should have no powder falling off. In a certain case, the clumped mortar fell off as soon as it was scraped, and the bonding strength was only 40% of the new mortar;

　　专业工具：用拉力计测抗拉强度，低于 0.2MPa 必须废弃。

　　Professional tool: Use a tensile strength gauge to measure the tensile strength. If it is lower than 0.2MPa, it must be discarded.

　　四、第三步：看「结块原因」定生死

　　4、 Step 3: Determine life and death by examining the 'cause of clumping'

　　1. 受潮结块：看「受潮时长」

　　1. Moisture induced clumping: Check the 'duration of moisture exposure'

　　≤24 小时受潮：某仓库漏雨后，砂浆表层结块但内部干燥，筛除表层后，强度保留 80%；

　　≤ 24 hours of moisture exposure: After a warehouse leaks, the surface of the mortar clumps but the interior is dry. After sieving the surface, 80% of the strength is retained;

　　＞72 小时受潮：水分渗透导致水泥硬化，某工地误用这种砂浆，墙面返碱严重如挂白霜。

　　72 hours of dampness: Moisture infiltration causes cement to harden, and a certain construction site misuses this mortar, resulting in severe alkali rebound on the wall as if it were white frost.

　　2. 过期结块：看「保质期」

　　2. Expired lumps: check the "shelf life"

　　未超保质期结块：某项目用刚结块的砂浆，加 10% 界面剂后，强度勉强达标；

　　Blockage within shelf life: A certain project used mortar that had just clumped, and after adding 10% interface agent, the strength barely met the standard;

　　超保质期结块：某楼盘用过期 3 个月的结块砂浆，验收时墙面空鼓率超 50%。

　　Over shelf life clumping: A certain property used clumped mortar that had expired for 3 months, and during inspection, the wall hollowing rate exceeded 50%.

　　五、结块砂浆「抢救指南」

　　5、 Rescue Guide for Blocked Mortar

　　1. 轻微结块抢救法

　　1. Minor clumping rescue method

　　工具：用砂浆搅拌机低速搅拌 10 分钟，加 0.5% 纤维素醚改善和易性，某装修队用这招，救活 2 吨结块砂浆；

　　Tool: Use a mortar mixer to mix at low speed for 10 minutes, add 0.5% cellulose ether to improve workability. A certain decoration team used this trick to save 2 tons of clumped mortar;

　　限制：只能用于踢脚线等非外露部位。

　　Restriction: Can only be used for non exposed parts such as baseboards.

　　2. 中度结块降级用

　　2. Used for moderate agglomeration degradation

　　掺量控制：结块砂浆破碎后掺量≤30%，某工装项目掺 20% 结块砂浆到新砂浆中，强度损失控制在 5% 以内；

　　Dosage control: After the agglomerated mortar is crushed, the dosage should be ≤ 30%. For a certain tooling project, 20% agglomerated mortar should be added to the new mortar, and the strength loss should be controlled within 5%;

　　应用场景：只可用于回填层找平，不可用于面层。

　　Application scenario: Can only be used for leveling backfill layers, not for surface layers.

　　3. 重度结块处理

　　3. Heavy clumping treatment

　　环保粉碎：破碎后当骨料拌制混凝土，某搅拌站用结块砂浆碎料，每立方混凝土省 20kg 石子；

　　Environmentally friendly crushing: After crushing, when the aggregate is mixed with concrete, a certain mixing plant uses agglomerated mortar to crush the material, saving 20kg of stones per cubic meter of concrete;

　　严禁使用：绝不允许用于任何抹灰工程。

　　Strictly prohibited from use: It is not allowed to be used for any plastering project.

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