一、灰钙在腻子涂料中的应用灰钙主要成分为氧化钙化学分子式CaO ，氢氧化钙化学分子式Ca(OH)2（氧化钙（石灰），镁，磷，石膏，明矾。几千年前古人早以作为无机黏接剂使用。我国的万里长城，赵州桥所使用的彻筑砂浆（均为石灰粉加入糯米汁作为黏接剂使用）。至今千年不腐。在水中会越来越硬，它具有极强的抗氧化性。灰钙具有一定的黏接性和强度，属强碱性。PH值15左右，（不加电解质为16.5左右）原料为高钙石灰石经900度左右高温煅烧后的白石灰。（即氧化钙）烧失后的石灰氧化钙含量在90%以上。再加入一定量的电解质经改性研磨成300目即为灰钙。经改性过的灰钙氢氧化钙含量增高，PH值降低，吸水量下降，不易增稠开裂，在腻子涂料中十分稳定。因地质结构原因，长江以南以浙江建德、广西桂林、云南大理、江西新余为代表，灰钙为最优，它钙含量高，白度高，吸水量低，黏接强度好，添加量少等优点。长江以北为北方灰钙，钙含量普通偏低，体积大，比重轻，吸水量大，黏接性低，强度稍低，用胶量相对要多。涂料、钢化仿瓷腻子中加入廉价的灰钙是具有节能减碳、吸收室内二氧化碳、净化室内空气功能的环保型涂料。氧化钙它需要不断吸收室内空气中的二氧化碳，而转化成碳酸钙，这需要一个漫长的过程，这些功能目前以逐步被人们所认识。

　　1、 The application of gray calcium in putty coatings. The main components of gray calcium are calcium oxide with the chemical formula CaO and calcium hydroxide with the chemical formula Ca (OH) 2 (calcium oxide (lime), magnesium, phosphorus, gypsum, alum). Thousands of years ago, ancient people used it as an inorganic adhesive. The Great Wall of China and the construction mortar used for Zhaozhou Bridge are both made of lime powder mixed with glutinous rice juice as a bonding agent. Until now, it has remained uncorrupted for thousands of years. It will become harder in water and has strong antioxidant properties. Gray calcium has a certain degree of adhesion and strength, and belongs to strong alkalinity. The pH value is around 15, and the raw material is white lime obtained by calcining high calcium limestone at around 900 degrees Celsius (16.5 without electrolyte). The content of calcium oxide in lime after burning is over 90%. Adding a certain amount of electrolyte and modifying it to grind it into 300 mesh is called gray calcium. The content of modified calcium hydroxide increases, the pH value decreases, the water absorption decreases, and it is not easy to thicken or crack. It is very stable in putty coatings. Due to geological structure reasons, south of the Yangtze River, represented by Jiande in Zhejiang, Guilin in Guangxi, Dali in Yunnan, and Xinyu in Jiangxi, gray calcium is the best, with high calcium content, high whiteness, low water absorption, good bonding strength, and low addition amount. North of the Yangtze River is the northern gray calcium, with generally low calcium content, large volume, light specific gravity, high water absorption, low adhesion, slightly lower strength, and relatively more adhesive used. Adding cheap calcium ash to coatings and tempered porcelain putty is an environmentally friendly coating that has energy-saving and carbon reducing functions, absorbs indoor carbon dioxide, and purifies indoor air. Calcium oxide needs to continuously absorb carbon dioxide from indoor air and convert it into calcium carbonate, which requires a long process. These functions are gradually being recognized by people.

　　二、重质碳酸钙在涂料中的应用重质碳酸钙简称重钙化学分子式CaCO3、双飞粉、大白粉、老粉。属一种天然白色方解石，呈半透明晶体，经研磨成细度325-1250目，（碳酸钙含量98%以上，属中性（惰性），PH值7-8，吸水量低，白度高，亮度好，有一定的折射效果。是涂料腻子中必不可缺的优质填充料。一般腻子用325-400目，乳胶漆用800-1250目。另一种又名大白粉，原料为大白石（大理岩），碳酸钙含量较低，95%以下无结晶体，亮度白度较低，吸水量较方解石大，无折射率。但价格较低，是生产腻子的通用填充料。

　　2、 The application of heavy calcium carbonate in coatings. Heavy calcium carbonate, abbreviated as CaCO3, has the chemical formula CaCO3, double fly powder, white powder, and old powder. It belongs to a natural white calcite, which is a semi transparent crystal. It has been ground to a fineness of 325-1250 mesh, with a calcium carbonate content of over 98%. It is neutral (inert), has a pH value of 7-8, low water absorption, high whiteness, good brightness, and has a certain refractive effect. It is an essential high-quality filling material in paint putty. Generally, 325-400 mesh is used for putty, and 800-1250 mesh is used for latex paint. Another type, also known as Big White Powder, is made from Big White Stone (marble) with low calcium carbonate content, less than 95% amorphous, low brightness and whiteness, higher water absorption than calcite, and no refractive index. But with a lower price, it is a universal filling material for producing putty.

　　三、滑石粉在涂料中的性质与应用滑石粉属铝黏土类，质地较软，主要成分为碳酸钙化学分子式CaCO3、氧化二硅分子式Si2O3、三氧化二铝分子式Al2O3、镁、钾、钠等多种微量元素，无结晶体，无折射率，呈白色，优质滑石粉白度在92以上，PH值7-8，属惰性，耐酸碱，吸水量较大，手感光滑度极佳。作为填充料，一般乳胶漆用白度92以上，细度800-1250目。用于内外墙腻子，性能比重钙要好，一般用细度325-400目白度80以上。但在膏状钢化仿瓷涂料中不宜使用。因它比重钙增硬要快。优质滑石粉还可在医药中大量使用。

　　3、 The properties and applications of talcum powder in coatings. Talcum powder belongs to the aluminum clay class, with a soft texture and mainly composed of various trace elements such as calcium carbonate chemical formula CaCO3, silicon dioxide molecular formula Si2O3, aluminum oxide molecular formula Al2O3, magnesium, potassium, sodium, etc. It has no crystal structure, no refractive index, and is white in color. The whiteness of high-quality talcum powder is above 92, with a pH value of 7-8. It is inert, acid and alkali resistant, has a large water absorption capacity, and excellent hand sensitivity and smoothness. As a filler, latex paint generally has a whiteness of 92 or above and a fineness of 800-1250 mesh. Used for interior and exterior wall putty, with better performance than calcium, generally used with a fineness of 325-400 mesh and a whiteness of 80 or above. But it is not suitable for use in paste like tempered porcelain like coatings. Because it increases faster than calcium. High quality talcum powder can also be widely used in medicine.

　　四、高岭土在涂料及橡胶塑料中的用途高岭土属铝黏土类，主要原料为煤层中的伴生物，又名焦宝石。主要成分为三氧化二铝化学分子式AL2O3、氧化硅、钙、钾、钠、镁等多种微量元素，原矿呈灰褐色、浅白色。经过850度左右高温煅烧后研磨成不同细度，优质高岭土，三氧化二铝含量高，白度较高，一般白度92-96为优级，高岭土分煅烧高岭土，经表面处理后称钠基活性高岭土。优级活性高岭土用在涂料，内外墙乳胶漆中，细度需800-1250目，它在涂料中起到后期增稠。它所含的三氧化二铝会迁移至涂料层表面，产生一定硬度及质感。作为橡胶、轮胎、塑料、电线电缆中可用325-600目，比使用轻钙、重钙抗拉伸强度要高得多。

　　4、 The use of kaolin in coatings and rubber plastics. Kaolin belongs to the aluminum clay class, and its main raw material is companion organisms in coal seams, also known as pyroxene. The main components are various trace elements such as Al2O3, silicon oxide, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, etc. The original ore is gray brown and light white in color. After high-temperature calcination at around 850 degrees Celsius, it is ground into high-quality kaolin with different fineness, high alumina content, and high whiteness. Generally, a whiteness of 92-96 is considered excellent. Kaolin is classified as calcined kaolin, and after surface treatment, it is called sodium based active kaolin. High grade active kaolin is used in coatings, interior and exterior latex paints, with a fineness of 800-1250 mesh. It plays a role in later thickening in coatings. The aluminum oxide it contains will migrate to the surface of the coating layer, producing a certain hardness and texture. As a rubber, tire, plastic, wire and cable material, 325-600 mesh can be used, which has much higher tensile strength than using light calcium or heavy calcium.

　　五、膨润土在涂料中的应用膨润土属黏土类，分钙基与钠基。经表面处理，活化后即为钠基，也是涂料腻子中最为常用的一种添加剂。化学分子式：Al2O3·4SiO2·H2O。及氧化硅、钙铝、镁、钾、钠等多种微量元素，黏性非常强，主要用于乳胶漆、涂料、内外墙腻子。主要性能：增黏、增稠、保水、抗沉淀、抗流挂，提供涂料假塑性。因黏性大，不可直接加入水中搅拌，以免结团，可预先用水泡成稠膏（加水后不要搅动）状添加，或掺入干粉填料中添加。因它白度较低，后期容易增稠，增硬，膏状仿瓷、钢化乳胶漆添加不得超过2%（干粉涂料除外），否则膏状存放期短，易增稠变硬。

　　5、 The application of bentonite in coatings. Bentonite belongs to the clay class and is divided into calcium based and sodium based. After surface treatment and activation, it becomes sodium based and is also the most commonly used additive in paint putty. Chemical formula: Al2O3 · 4SiO2 · H2O. And various trace elements such as silicon oxide, calcium aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, etc. have strong viscosity and are mainly used in latex paint, coatings, and interior and exterior wall putty. Main performance: thickening, thickening, water retention, anti settling, anti sagging, providing false plasticity of coatings. Due to its high viscosity, it should not be directly added to water and stirred to avoid clumping. It can be added in the form of a thick paste by soaking it in water beforehand (do not stir after adding water), or mixed with dry powder filler. Due to its low whiteness, it is prone to thickening and hardening in the later stage. The addition of paste like porcelain and tempered latex paint should not exceed 2% (except for dry powder coatings), otherwise the storage period of paste like paint is short and it is prone to thickening and hardening.

　　六、熟石膏粉在建材中的主要用途与性能熟石膏粉，又称半水石膏，化学分子式：2CaSO4·H2O，属酸性，PH值5-6.5，溶于水，（生石膏不溶于水）主要原料为天然石膏半透明结晶体，经850度高温煅烧后研磨成300目粉状，优级白度80-88.

　　6、 The main uses and properties of gypsum powder in building materials. Gypsum powder, also known as semi hydrated gypsum, has a chemical molecular formula of 2CaSO4 · H2O, is acidic, with a pH value of 5-6.5, soluble in water. (Raw gypsum is insoluble in water) The main raw material is natural gypsum semi transparent crystals, which are calcined at 850 degrees Celsius and ground into a 300 mesh powder with a superior whiteness of 80-88

　　脱硫石膏，磷酸石膏粉均为再生石膏，白度较低，半水石膏主要用于建筑找平砂浆(填坑好），找平腻子，粉刷石膏，石膏粘粉（快干粉）装饰用石膏板、石膏线。硅酸盐水泥,混凝土,汽块砖添加剂，凝固快可塑性强。（凝固时间5-10分钟），如遇墙面不平整，掺入部分半水石膏及石膏缓凝剂，做找平腻子，会收到极好的效果。

　　Desulfurized gypsum and phosphogypsum powder are both regenerated gypsum with low whiteness. Semi hydrated gypsum is mainly used for building leveling mortar (well filled), leveling putty, plastering gypsum, gypsum adhesive powder (fast dry powder), decorative gypsum board, and gypsum line. Portland cement, concrete, and steam brick additives have fast solidification and strong plasticity. (Solidification time 5-10 minutes). If the wall surface is uneven, adding some semi hydrated gypsum and gypsum retarder to make leveling putty will achieve excellent results.

　　七、轻质碳酸钙在涂料塑料橡胶中的应用范围轻质碳酸钙简称轻钙化学分子式CaCO3，经表面处理后称活性钙，一般碳酸钙含量≥98%，属中性，PH值7-10，白度高，92以上为优级，它比重轻，吸水量极大，是灰的近一倍，重钙的2倍。悬浮性极好，在涂料中用胶量较大， 可施工性手感较好，一般冷溶型胶及纤维素不宜使用（用于乳液、聚乙烯醇胶）。但它硬度差，不耐水，因悬浮性好适于用聚乙烯醇热胶做仿瓷使用，它一般应用在乳胶漆、橡胶、轮胎塑料、电线电缆中的填充料使用。

　　7、 The application range of light calcium carbonate in coatings, plastics, and rubber. Light calcium carbonate, also known as light calcium carbonate, has a chemical molecular formula of CaCO3 and is called active calcium after surface treatment. Generally, the calcium carbonate content is ≥ 98%, which is neutral, with a pH value of 7-10, high whiteness, and an excellent grade above 92. It has a light specific gravity and a great water absorption capacity, nearly twice that of ash and twice that of heavy calcium. The suspension property is excellent, the amount of glue used in the coating is large, and the workability and hand feel are good. Generally, cold soluble glue and cellulose are not suitable for use (for lotion and polyvinyl alcohol glue). But it has poor hardness and is not water-resistant. Due to its good suspension, it is suitable for use as a porcelain like material with polyvinyl alcohol hot glue. It is generally used as a filler in latex paint, rubber, tire plastics, and wires and cables.

　　八、轻质碳酸钙生产工艺流程原料、高钙石灰石（青灰石）化学分子式：CaCO3。钙含量52-55，块状（4-10公分）经煅烧成灰块（烧失后的灰块氧化钙含量90-96），再经筛选后进入化浆机，除去未烧透的内核，经粗浆池沉淀后再进入中浆池沉淀，泵入除渣机进行除渣，除渣后的浆液流入精浆池再由精浆池泵入碳化塔，进行碳化，（碳化时用压缩机将炉中产生的二氧化碳由压缩机压入碳化塔内直到将灰浆碳化到PH值达到9-9.5即可出浆），将碳化好的浆液放入配浆池，配好的浆再流入储浆池将浆液泵入高位塔，由高位塔利用压差输送至离心机，进行甩干。甩干后的物料送进烘干机进行烘干，烘干后的轻钙经打散机打散后再进入振动筛（筛网细度为120目），过筛后的轻钙就可装袋即成品。成品细度达到D97。（即用325目筛通过率达97%）成品PH值7-9为最佳。年产30000吨，设备投资需500万元，每吨利润70-80元。上料煅烧段 3人送灰化浆 2人沉淀除渣 1人碳化化验 3人配浆 1人离心机 1人（2台自动离心机）送料烘干 2人成品段 3-4人每班生产人员17-18人，全长三八制班需60人，包括管理人员。每班生产量50-60吨，年产量4.5-5万吨，每吨纯利润60-80元。

　　8、 The raw materials for the production process of light calcium carbonate and high calcium limestone (green limestone) have a chemical molecular formula of CaCO3. The calcium content is 52-55, and the block shaped (4-10 cm) is calcined into ash blocks (with a calcium oxide content of 90-96 after burning). After screening, it enters the slurry machine to remove the unburned core. After settling in the coarse slurry pool, it enters the middle slurry pool for sedimentation and is pumped into the slag removal machine for slag removal. The slurry after slag removal flows into the fine slurry pool and is then pumped into the carbonization tower by the fine slurry pool for carbonization. (During carbonization, the carbon dioxide generated in the furnace is compressed into the carbonization tower by the compressor until the slurry is carbonized to a pH value of 9-9.5, and the slurry is discharged.) The carbonized slurry is then placed in the slurry mixing tank, and the prepared slurry flows into the slurry storage tank. The slurry is pumped into the slurry storage tank. The high-level tower utilizes pressure difference to transport the material to the centrifuge for spin drying. After being shaken dry, the material is sent to the dryer for drying. The dried light calcium is then dispersed by the disperser and enters the vibrating screen (with a mesh size of 120 mesh). The sieved light calcium can be packaged into bags and finished products. The fineness of the finished product reaches D97. The optimal pH value for the finished product is 7-9, with a pass rate of 97% using a 325 mesh sieve. Annual production of 30000 tons requires equipment investment of 5 million yuan, with a profit of 70-80 yuan per ton. There are 3 people in the feeding and calcination section to deliver ashing slurry, 2 people to precipitate and remove slag, 1 person to conduct carbonization analysis, 3 people to prepare slurry, 1 person to centrifuge, and 1 person (2 automatic centrifuges) to deliver material and dry. There are 3-4 people in the finished product section, and each shift has 17-18 production personnel. The total length of the 3-8 shift system requires 60 people, including management personnel. The production capacity per shift is 50-60 tons, with an annual output of 45000 to 50000 tons and a net profit of 60-80 yuan per ton.

　　九、硅藻泥在新型环保涂料腻子中的应用硅藻泥是一种生活在海洋中的藻类。经过几十万年甚至是上百万年的沉淀石化再经过地壳变动挤压便形成了硅酸盐为主要成分的一种硅质生物沉积岩——硅藻矿物质这些海藻泥对皮肤病包括牛皮癣这样的疑难病症具有很好的疗效。科学家研究发现，这种硅藻泥的主要成分为蛋白质，质地轻软、多孔。电子显微镜显示，其粒子表面具有无数微小的孔穴，孔隙率90%以上，比表面积高达65㎡/ｇ。正是这种突出的分子晶格结构特征，决定了其独特的功能：具有极强的物理吸附性能和离子交换性能。硅藻泥涂料是以硅藻矿物质为主要原材料研发而成的新型室内环保材料。它的主要成分为蛋白石，质地轻软、多孔，孔隙率达90％左右，具有优异的断热、调湿和吸附性能。这种突出的分子晶格结构特征，决定了其独特的功能：具有极强的物理吸附性能和离子交换性能。现代工业中硅藻泥装饰涂料正是以硅藻矿物质为主要原材料研发而成的新型室内环保材料。装饰到墙上，能让墙壁“呼吸”，能吸附住室内空气中流离的甲醛苯氨醇等有害化学物质，并将之分解成水和二氧化碳。硅藻泥壁材是一种新型功能性健康型墙面材料，21世纪初开始在欧美流行。硅藻泥壁材是由生活在数百万年前的水生浮游类生物硅藻的沉积物制作而成，其具有特殊的晶格结构，超微细孔比木炭还要多出5000到6000倍，吸附能力特别强。硅藻泥壁材正是从硅藻强吸附的特性出发研制而成的新型室内墙壁材料，其具有许多独特的优异功能，是传统墙材—墙纸、乳胶漆等无法比拟的。。当硅藻泥较大面积地使用于室内墙面时，它就能吸附空气中的甲醛、苯等有害物质及宠物体臭、烟味等异味，起到净化空气的作用。

　　9、 Application of Diatom Mud in New Environmental Protection Coating Putty Diatom mud is a type of algae that lives in the ocean. After hundreds of thousands or even millions of years of sedimentation and compression, a type of siliceous biogenic sedimentary rock mainly composed of silicates - diatom minerals - has been formed through crustal changes and compression. These seaweed mud have good therapeutic effects on difficult skin diseases, including psoriasis. Scientists have found that the main component of this diatomaceous earth is protein, with a light, soft, and porous texture. Electron microscopy shows numerous tiny pores on the surface of its particles, with a porosity of over 90% and a specific surface area of up to 65 ㎡/g. It is precisely this outstanding molecular lattice structure characteristic that determines its unique function: it has extremely strong physical adsorption and ion exchange properties. Diatom mud coating is a new type of indoor environmentally friendly material developed using diatom minerals as the main raw material. Its main component is opal, which is light and soft in texture, porous with a porosity of about 90%, and has excellent thermal insulation, moisture regulation, and adsorption properties. This prominent molecular lattice structure determines its unique function: it has extremely strong physical adsorption and ion exchange properties. Diatom mud decorative coatings in modern industry are a new type of indoor environmentally friendly material developed mainly from diatomaceous minerals. Decorating on the wall can allow the wall to "breathe", absorb harmful chemicals such as formaldehyde and benzyl alcohol that flow in the indoor air, and decompose them into water and carbon dioxide. Diatom mud wall material is a new type of functional and healthy wall material that has been popular in Europe and America since the beginning of the 21st century. Diatom mud wall material is made from sediment of aquatic planktonic organisms diatoms that lived millions of years ago. It has a special lattice structure, with ultrafine pores 5000 to 6000 times more than charcoal, and a particularly strong adsorption capacity. Diatom mud wall material is a new type of indoor wall material developed based on the strong adsorption characteristics of diatoms. It has many unique and excellent functions that cannot be compared to traditional wall materials such as wallpaper and latex paint.. When diatomaceous earth is widely used on indoor walls, it can adsorb harmful substances such as formaldehyde and benzene in the air, as well as odors such as pet body odor and smoke, and purify the air.

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