在墙面装修施工中，腻子粉是打造平整墙面的基础材料，尤其是外墙腻子，不仅要保证平整度，还得抵御风吹日晒的侵蚀。但很多施工师傅和业主都遇到过头疼的问题——外墙腻子刚批刮完就冒出密密麻麻的气泡，不仅影响美观，还会降低腻子附着力，后期容易出现开裂、脱落的情况。其实外墙腻子起泡不是偶然，大多和施工操作或材料配比不当有关。今天就专门科普腻子粉相关知识，重点拆解外墙腻子起泡的5个核心原因，帮大家避开施工坑。

　　In wall decoration construction, putty powder is the basic material for creating a flat wall, especially for exterior wall putty. It not only needs to ensure flatness, but also withstand the erosion of wind and sun. But many construction workers and owners have encountered a headache problem - dense bubbles appear just after the exterior wall putty is applied, which not only affects the appearance, but also reduces the adhesion of the putty, and is prone to cracking and falling off in the later stage. In fact, the foaming of exterior wall putty is not accidental, but mostly related to improper construction operations or material ratios. Today, we will specifically popularize knowledge related to putty powder, focusing on dismantling the 5 core reasons for the foaming of exterior wall putty, to help everyone avoid construction pits.

　　第一个常见原因是腻子搅拌不均匀。很多人图省事，搅拌时敷衍了事，导致腻子粉和水没有充分融合，内部结构杂乱无章。这样的腻子批刮到墙面上后，随着水分逐渐蒸发，内部不均匀的间隙会形成空气腔，最终顶起腻子层，形成气泡。尤其外墙施工环境复杂，搅拌不匀的腻子后续还可能因结构不稳定，加剧破损问题。

　　The first common reason is uneven mixing of putty. Many people try to save time by mixing hastily, resulting in incomplete fusion of putty powder and water, and a chaotic internal structure. After scraping such putty onto the wall, as the moisture gradually evaporates, uneven gaps inside will form air pockets, ultimately lifting the putty layer and forming bubbles. Especially in the complex construction environment of exterior walls, uneven mixing of putty may further exacerbate damage problems due to structural instability.

　　第二个原因是腻子加水量过多。不少施工人员觉得加水多的腻子更好批刮，却忽略了水量对腻子性能的影响。加水过多会让腻子过于湿润，内部水分蒸发时会带动空气流动，而过多的水分又会阻碍空气排出，最终形成气泡。这里给大家一个明确的参考：一般外墙腻子的加水量建议控制在10%到20%之间，具体可根据腻子粉的产品说明微调，既保证施工流畅性，又能避免气泡产生。

　　The second reason is that there is too much water added to the putty. Many construction workers think that putty with more water is better for scraping, but they overlook the influence of water on the performance of putty. Adding too much water will make the putty too wet, and when the internal moisture evaporates, it will drive air flow. However, excessive moisture will hinder air discharge, ultimately forming bubbles. Here is a clear reference for everyone: it is recommended to control the amount of water added to exterior wall putty between 10% and 20%. Specific adjustments can be made according to the product instructions of the putty powder to ensure smooth construction and avoid the generation of bubbles.

　　基层处理不当，也是外墙腻子起泡的重要诱因。外墙基层长期暴露在室外，容易积累灰尘、油污，或存在松散的表层。如果施工前没有对基层进行充分的清洁和打磨，腻子就无法和基层紧密贴合，两者之间会残留空气和杂质。后续随着环境温湿度变化，这些残留的空气会膨胀，导致腻子层起泡。所以外墙施工前，一定要把基层清理干净，必要时进行打磨处理，提升腻子的附着力。

　　Improper grassroots treatment is also an important cause of foam formation in exterior wall putty. The base layer of the exterior wall is exposed to the outside for a long time, which can easily accumulate dust, oil stains, or have a loose surface. If the base layer is not thoroughly cleaned and polished before construction, the putty cannot be tightly adhered to the base layer, and air and impurities will remain between the two. Subsequently, with changes in environmental temperature and humidity, these residual air will expand, causing the putty layer to bubble. So before the construction of the exterior wall, it is necessary to clean the base layer and polish it if necessary to improve the adhesion of the putty.

　　第四个原因是单层批刮过厚。有些人为了节省工期，想一次性完成找平，把腻子批刮得很厚。但这样做会让腻子层内部的空气难以顺利排出，随着水分蒸发，空气被封在内部，就会形成气泡。正确的做法是分批次薄批，建议批刮两到三层，而且每层之间必须等上一层完全干燥后再进行，这样能让空气充分挥发，避免气泡和开裂问题。

　　The fourth reason is that the single-layer scraping is too thick. Some people, in order to save time, want to complete leveling in one go by scraping the putty very thick. But doing so will make it difficult for the air inside the putty layer to be discharged smoothly. As the moisture evaporates, the air is sealed inside, forming bubbles. The correct approach is to divide the batch into thin batches. It is recommended to scrape two to three layers, and wait for the previous layer to completely dry before proceeding. This can allow the air to evaporate fully and avoid problems such as bubbles and cracking.

　　最后一个容易被忽略的原因，是腻子中纤维素添加量过大。纤维素能提升腻子的柔韧性和保水性，但添加过多反而会适得其反，让腻子内部结构变得过于松散。这样的腻子强度不足，内部间隙多，空气容易积聚，施工后很容易出现起泡现象。根据行业经验，纤维素的添加量建议控制在2%到6%之间，才能保证腻子的正常性能。

　　The last easily overlooked reason is the excessive amount of cellulose added to the putty. Cellulose can improve the flexibility and water retention of putty, but adding too much can have the opposite effect, making the internal structure of putty too loose. This type of putty has insufficient strength, multiple internal gaps, and is prone to air accumulation, making it easy to produce bubbles after construction. Based on industry experience, it is recommended to control the amount of cellulose added between 2% and 6% to ensure the normal performance of putty.

　　其实外墙腻子起泡问题，大多可以通过规范操作避免。从均匀搅拌、控制加水量，到做好基层处理、分层薄批，再到合理控制材料配比，每一个环节都不能马虎。希望通过这次科普，能让大家更了解腻子粉的施工要点，在后续外墙装修中避开这些常见问题，打造出平整、耐用的墙面。如果大家在腻子粉使用或砂浆施工中还有其他疑问，也可以多关注相关施工规范，或向专业人士咨询。

　　In fact, the problem of foam formation in exterior wall putty can mostly be avoided through standardized operations. From uniform mixing and controlling the amount of water added, to well treating the base layer, layering and thinning the batch, to reasonably controlling the material ratio, every step cannot be taken lightly. I hope that through this science popularization, everyone can have a better understanding of the construction points of putty powder, avoid these common problems in subsequent exterior wall decoration, and create smooth and durable walls. If you have any other questions about the use of putty powder or mortar construction, you can also pay more attention to relevant construction specifications or consult professionals.

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