石膏粉作为一种传统的建筑材料，凭借其独特的物理特性和施工优势，在旧房翻新中有着广泛的应用空间。但由于旧房结构和翻新需求的特殊性，石膏粉的使用需结合具体场景合理选择，才能充分发挥其作用，同时避免潜在问题。

　　Gypsum powder, as a traditional building material, has a wide range of applications in the renovation of old houses due to its unique physical properties and construction advantages. However, due to the unique structure and renovation needs of old houses, the use of gypsum powder needs to be selected reasonably based on specific scenarios in order to fully utilize its function and avoid potential problems.

　　从材料特性来看，石膏粉具备适合旧房翻新的多项优势。它主要成分为二水硫酸钙，加水搅拌后能快速凝固成型，凝结时间可通过添加缓凝剂调节，一般在几分钟到几十分钟内即可硬化，大大缩短施工周期，尤其适合旧房翻新中对工期要求较紧的情况。凝固后的石膏具有良好的可塑性，能与基层紧密贴合，填充墙面、顶面的细小缝隙和凹陷，使表面平整光滑，为后续装饰工序打下基础。此外，石膏粉质地轻盈，相比水泥等材料对墙体的负重更小，适合旧房墙体承载力较弱的特点，可减少因材料过重导致的墙体开裂风险。

　　From the perspective of material properties, gypsum powder has multiple advantages suitable for renovating old houses. Its main component is calcium sulfate dihydrate, which can quickly solidify and form after mixing with water. The setting time can be adjusted by adding a retarder, and it can generally harden within a few minutes to tens of minutes, greatly shortening the construction period. It is especially suitable for situations where the renovation of old houses requires a tight schedule. After solidification, gypsum has good plasticity and can closely adhere to the base layer, filling small gaps and depressions on walls and ceilings, making the surface smooth and even, laying the foundation for subsequent decoration processes. In addition, gypsum powder has a lightweight texture and has a smaller load-bearing capacity on the wall compared to materials such as cement. It is suitable for the weak load-bearing capacity of old house walls and can reduce the risk of wall cracking caused by excessive material weight.

　　在墙面基层处理中，石膏粉是理想的找平材料。旧房墙面常存在脱皮、起砂、局部凹凸不平等问题，使用石膏粉进行局部修补或整体找平，能有效改善墙面平整度。对于墙面的细小裂缝，可将石膏粉与胶水按比例混合调成膏状，嵌入裂缝后抹平，凝固后能与原有墙体形成整体，防止裂缝进一步扩大。在处理墙面返潮导致的粉化区域时，需先清除疏松基层，再用石膏粉分层涂抹，利用石膏的透气性，帮助墙体内部水分散发，避免 moisture 积聚导致二次损坏。不过，石膏粉的耐水性较差，若墙面处于长期潮湿环境（如卫生间、厨房紧邻的墙面），则需配合防水涂层使用，否则易出现软化、脱落。

　　Gypsum powder is an ideal leveling material in wall base treatment. The walls of old houses often suffer from peeling, sanding, and uneven unevenness. Using gypsum powder for local repair or overall leveling can effectively improve the flatness of the walls. For small cracks on the wall, gypsum powder and glue can be mixed in proportion to form a paste, embedded in the cracks and smoothed out. After solidification, it can form a whole with the original wall to prevent further expansion of the cracks. When dealing with the powdering area caused by wall moisture regain, it is necessary to first remove the loose base layer, and then apply gypsum powder layer by layer to utilize the permeability of gypsum to help the internal moisture of the wall dissipate and avoid secondary damage caused by moisture accumulation. However, the water resistance of gypsum powder is poor. If the wall is in a long-term humid environment (such as the wall adjacent to the bathroom or kitchen), it needs to be used in conjunction with a waterproof coating, otherwise it is prone to softening and peeling.

　　石膏粉在顶面翻新中也能发挥作用。旧房顶面的吊顶拆除后，原基层可能残留钉眼、接缝痕迹，用石膏粉填补后可使顶面平整，便于后续刷漆或贴壁纸。对于局部出现的空鼓区域，铲除空鼓部分后，用石膏粉重新找平，能减少顶面因受力不均产生的开裂。但需注意，石膏粉凝固后存在一定的收缩性，大面积使用时需分次涂抹，每层厚度不宜超过 5 毫米，待前一层完全干燥后再涂下一层，避免因收缩过大产生新的裂缝。

　　Gypsum powder can also play a role in top renovation. After the removal of the suspended ceiling on the top of the old house, there may be residual nail holes and joint marks on the original base layer. Filling with gypsum powder can make the top surface flat, which is convenient for subsequent painting or wallpaper pasting. For areas with local hollowing, removing the hollowing part and re leveling with gypsum powder can reduce cracking caused by uneven stress on the top surface. However, it should be noted that gypsum powder has a certain degree of shrinkage after solidification. When used in large areas, it should be applied in batches, and the thickness of each layer should not exceed 5 millimeters. Wait until the previous layer is completely dry before applying the next layer to avoid new cracks caused by excessive shrinkage.

　　在造型装饰方面，石膏粉可用于制作简单的线条和浮雕。旧房翻新中若需修复或新增墙面装饰线条，石膏粉与纤维材料混合后，能塑造出各种简洁的线条造型，凝固后打磨光滑，再进行刷漆处理，与原有装饰风格相协调。不过，石膏线条的强度有限，不宜用于承重部位或易碰撞的区域，否则易出现破损。此外，石膏粉还可用于家具表面的局部修补，如木质家具的凹陷、虫蛀孔洞，用石膏粉混合木胶填补后，打磨平整即可进行油漆修饰，恢复家具外观。

　　In terms of decorative design, gypsum powder can be used to create simple lines and reliefs. If it is necessary to repair or add wall decorative lines during the renovation of an old house, gypsum powder mixed with fiber materials can create various simple line shapes. After solidification, they can be polished smooth and then painted to coordinate with the original decorative style. However, the strength of gypsum lines is limited and should not be used in load-bearing areas or areas prone to collision, otherwise damage may occur. In addition, gypsum powder can also be used for local repair of furniture surfaces, such as depressions and insect holes in wooden furniture. After filling with gypsum powder mixed with wood glue, it can be polished flat for paint decoration and restore the appearance of furniture.

　　使用石膏粉进行旧房翻新时，需注意施工环境的影响。施工温度宜在 5℃-35℃之间，温度过低会延缓凝固时间，过高则可能导致表面干燥过快产生裂纹。搅拌石膏粉时需控制加水量，水灰比不当会影响凝固后的强度 —— 加水过多易导致强度下降、干燥后起粉；加水过少则难以搅拌均匀，出现结块影响平整度。施工完成后，需保持通风干燥，避免直接暴晒或强风直吹，让石膏自然硬化，确保其强度和稳定性。

　　When renovating old houses with gypsum powder, attention should be paid to the impact of the construction environment. The construction temperature should be between 5 ℃ and 35 ℃. If the temperature is too low, it will delay the solidification time, while if it is too high, it may cause the surface to dry too quickly and produce cracks. When mixing gypsum powder, it is necessary to control the amount of water added. Improper water cement ratio can affect the strength after solidification - adding too much water can easily lead to a decrease in strength and powder formation after drying; Insufficient water addition makes it difficult to stir evenly, resulting in clumping that affects flatness. After the construction is completed, it is necessary to maintain ventilation and dryness, avoid direct exposure to sunlight or strong winds, and allow the gypsum to naturally harden to ensure its strength and stability.

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