济南的气候特点与墙体基础条件，使得腻子粉施工过程中容易出现各类问题，这些问题既与材料特性相关，也受环境因素影响。了解施工中的常见问题及成因，对提升墙面质量、避免后期返修具有重要意义。

　　The climate characteristics and wall foundation conditions in Jinan make it easy for various problems to occur during the construction of putty powder, which are not only related to material properties but also affected by environmental factors. Understanding common problems and their causes during construction is of great significance for improving wall quality and avoiding later repairs.

　　墙体基层处理不当是引发后续问题的根源。济南部分老旧建筑的墙体存在返碱现象，这是由于墙体内部的可溶性盐随水分迁移到表面，遇空气后结晶析出，若直接在返碱墙面上批刮腻子，碱分会破坏腻子中的黏结成分，导致腻子层起泡、脱落。新砌墙体若干燥不充分（含水率超过 10%），直接施工会使腻子层吸收墙体水分，出现干缩开裂，尤其是春季济南多雨，墙体含水率偏高，这类问题更为常见。此外，基层表面的浮灰、油污未清理干净，会降低腻子与墙体的黏结力，施工后 1-2 个月可能出现局部空鼓，用手按压会有明显的空洞感。

　　Improper treatment of the wall base is the root cause of subsequent problems. The walls of some old buildings in Jinan have a phenomenon of alkali return. This is because soluble salts inside the walls migrate to the surface with water and crystallize when exposed to air. If putty is directly applied to the alkali return walls, the alkali will damage the bonding components in the putty, causing the putty layer to bubble and fall off. Insufficient drying of newly built walls (with a moisture content exceeding 10%) during direct construction can cause the putty layer to absorb moisture from the wall, resulting in shrinkage and cracking. This is especially common in spring when Jinan is rainy and the moisture content of the wall is high. In addition, if the floating ash and oil stains on the surface of the base layer are not cleaned thoroughly, it will reduce the adhesion between the putty and the wall. Local hollowing may occur 1-2 months after construction, and there will be a noticeable feeling of hollowing when pressed by hand.

　　气候因素对腻子施工影响显著。济南夏季高温干燥，腻子层干燥速度过快，容易出现表面结皮现象 —— 外层腻子已干透，内层仍处于湿润状态，后期会因内外收缩不一致产生裂纹，尤其是大面积墙面施工时，若未及时洒水养护，裂纹可能贯穿整个腻子层。冬季低温（低于 5℃）时，腻子中的水分易结冰，冰晶膨胀会破坏腻子结构，导致施工后出现粉化，用手触摸会有粉末脱落。春秋季多风，施工时若未关闭门窗，强风会加速腻子表面水分蒸发，形成龟裂纹，这类裂纹多呈网状，影响墙面平整度。

　　Climate factors have a significant impact on putty construction. Jinan is hot and dry in summer, and the drying speed of the putty layer is too fast, which can easily lead to surface crust phenomenon - the outer layer of putty has dried completely, while the inner layer is still in a moist state. In the later stage, cracks may occur due to inconsistent shrinkage inside and outside, especially during large-scale wall construction. If water is not sprayed and cured in time, cracks may penetrate the entire putty layer. When the temperature is low in winter (below 5 ℃), the moisture in the putty is prone to freezing, and the expansion of ice crystals can damage the structure of the putty, resulting in powdering after construction. When touched by hand, the powder may fall off. During spring and autumn, there are often strong winds. If doors and windows are not closed during construction, the strong winds will accelerate the evaporation of moisture on the surface of the putty, forming turtle cracks. These cracks are often in a mesh pattern and affect the flatness of the wall.

　　材料配比与搅拌问题直接影响腻子性能。腻子粉需按比例加水搅拌，若加水过少，腻子会过于黏稠，批刮时费力且易出现刀痕；加水过多则会降低腻子强度，干燥后表面疏松，容易掉粉。搅拌不均匀也是常见问题，未充分溶解的腻子颗粒会在墙面形成疙瘩，打磨时难以处理，影响后续涂料的附着。部分施工人员为加快干燥速度，擅自添加水泥或胶水，这种做法会改变腻子的化学性质，导致墙面出现返黄或硬化开裂，尤其是添加劣质胶水时，还可能释放刺激性气味。

　　The material ratio and mixing issues directly affect the performance of putty. Putty powder needs to be mixed with water in proportion. If too little water is added, the putty will become too viscous, making it difficult to scrape and prone to knife marks; Adding too much water will reduce the strength of the putty, and after drying, the surface will become loose and prone to powder loss. Uneven mixing is also a common problem. Insufficient dissolved putty particles can form lumps on the wall, which are difficult to handle during polishing and affect the adhesion of subsequent coatings. Some construction workers add cement or glue without authorization to speed up the drying process. This practice can change the chemical properties of the putty, causing the wall to turn yellow or harden and crack. Especially when adding inferior glue, it may also release irritating odors.

　　施工工艺不当引发的问题贯穿全过程。批刮厚度控制不合理是关键 —— 单次批刮过厚（超过 2 毫米），腻子层内部难以干透，会出现气泡或脱落；批刮过薄则无法掩盖墙体基层的凹凸不平，影响平整度。阴阳角处理不规范会导致线条不直，阳角易碰撞损坏，阴角易积灰。打磨时机把握不准也会产生问题，打磨过早（腻子未干透）会导致墙面起毛；打磨过晚（腻子完全干透）则难以打磨平整，还会产生大量粉尘。此外，两遍腻子施工间隔时间不足（少于 4 小时），会使底层腻子中的水分无法充分挥发，引发上层腻子开裂。

　　The problems caused by improper construction techniques run through the entire process. Unreasonable control of scraping thickness is key - if a single scraping is too thick (exceeding 2 millimeters), the putty layer will be difficult to dry completely inside, resulting in bubbles or detachment; Scratching too thin cannot cover up the unevenness of the wall base, which affects the flatness. Improper treatment of internal and external corners can result in lines that are not straight, external corners that are prone to collision and damage, and internal corners that are prone to dust accumulation. Inaccurate timing of polishing can also cause problems, as polishing too early (due to incomplete putty drying) can lead to wall fuzzing; If the polishing is too late (the putty is completely dry), it will be difficult to polish smoothly and a large amount of dust will be generated. In addition, if the interval between two layers of putty construction is insufficient (less than 4 hours), it will prevent the moisture in the bottom layer of putty from fully evaporating, leading to cracking of the upper layer of putty.

　　后期养护缺失加剧质量隐患。腻子施工完成后需进行适当养护，夏季应每天洒水 1-2 次，保持表面湿润，避免干燥过快；冬季则需采取保温措施，确保腻子在 5℃以上环境中干燥。若养护不到位，腻子层易出现干缩裂纹，尤其是在窗边、墙角等温度变化剧烈的部位。施工后若未及时保护，人员走动或工具碰撞会造成腻子层局部破损，修补时若新旧腻子结合不好，会留下明显痕迹，影响整体美观。

　　The lack of maintenance in the later stage exacerbates quality hazards. After the completion of putty construction, appropriate maintenance should be carried out. In summer, water should be sprayed 1-2 times a day to keep the surface moist and avoid drying too quickly; In winter, insulation measures should be taken to ensure that the putty is dry in an environment above 5 ℃. If the maintenance is not in place, the putty layer is prone to dry shrinkage cracks, especially in areas with drastic temperature changes such as window edges and wall corners. If not protected in a timely manner after construction, personnel walking or tool collisions can cause local damage to the putty layer. If the new and old putty do not bond well during repair, it will leave obvious marks and affect the overall appearance.

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　　This article is a friendly contribution from Jinan gypsum powder For more information, please click: http://www.jnfhjc.com Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.