在家庭装修中，墙面施工有一道至关重要的工序——刮腻子。它就像化妆前的打底步骤，决定了最终漆面的平整度、美观度和耐久性。而完成这道工序的核心材料，便是腻子粉。

In home decoration, there is a crucial process for wall construction - scraping putty. It is like the base step before applying makeup, determining the final smoothness, aesthetics, and durability of the paint surface. The core material for completing this process is putty powder.

什么是腻子粉？

What is putty powder?

腻子粉是漆类施工前对施工面进行预处理的一种表面填充材料。它的主要目的是填充施工面的孔隙，矫正施工面的曲线偏差，为获得均匀、平滑的漆面打好基础。简单来说，腻子粉就是墙面的“粉底”——毛坯房的水泥墙面粗糙不平，直接刷漆不仅浪费涂料，而且根本无法获得平整美观的效果。只有经过腻子层的填补和找平，墙面才能达到刷漆或贴壁纸的要求。

Putty powder is a surface filling material used to pre treat the construction surface before painting. Its main purpose is to fill the pores of the construction surface, correct the curve deviation of the construction surface, and lay a foundation for obtaining a uniform and smooth paint surface. In short, putty powder is the "foundation make-up" of the wall - the cement wall of the blank room is rough and uneven. Direct painting not only wastes paint, but also can not achieve a flat and beautiful effect. Only after filling and leveling with putty layer can the wall meet the requirements for painting or wallpaper.

腻子粉的主要成分是滑石粉和胶水。刚刚购置的毛坯房表面那一层白色物质，就是腻子。通常腻子的白度在90以上，细度在330以上。

The main components of putty powder are talcum powder and glue. The white substance on the surface of the newly purchased rough house is putty. Usually, the whiteness of putty is above 90 and the fineness is above 330.

腻子粉的分类

Classification of putty powder

市场上的腻子种类繁多，从不同维度可以进行多种分类。

There are various types of putty on the market, which can be classified from different dimensions.

按使用场合划分，可分为内墙腻子和外墙腻子两大类。内墙腻子以双飞粉（大白粉）为主要原料，综合指数较好，健康环保。外墙腻子则需要抵抗风吹日晒，以白水泥为主要原料，胶性大、强度高，但环保指数稍低。内墙不外用，外墙不内用——这是选择腻子的基本原则。

According to the usage scenario, it can be divided into two categories: interior wall putty and exterior wall putty. The interior wall putty is mainly made of double fly powder (white powder), which has a good comprehensive index and is healthy and environmentally friendly. Exterior wall putty needs to resist wind and sun exposure, using white cement as the main raw material, with high adhesiveness and strength, but slightly lower environmental protection index. The basic principle for choosing putty is not to use it externally for interior walls or internally for exterior walls.

按耐水性划分，可分为耐水腻子和非耐水腻子。821腻子是非耐水腻子的典型代表，由大白粉、淀粉胶和CMC制成，没有附着力、不耐水。耐水腻子则白度好、粘结强度高，具有较强的耐水性。

According to water resistance, it can be divided into water-resistant putty and non water-resistant putty. 821 putty is a typical representative of non water resistant putty, made of white powder, starch adhesive, and CMC, which has no adhesion and is not water resistant. Waterproof putty has good whiteness, high bonding strength, and strong water resistance.

按功能划分，还有弹性腻子、高弹防水腻子等特殊品类。柔性腻子由优质水泥、填料、合成聚合物和精选添加剂配制而成，具有粘结强度高、表面平整光滑、耐水防潮等优点。

Divided by function, there are also special categories such as elastic putty and high elasticity waterproof putty. Flexible putty is formulated with high-quality cement, fillers, synthetic polymers, and selected additives, and has the advantages of high bonding strength, smooth surface, water resistance, and moisture resistance.

此外，按状态可分为膏状腻子、粉状腻子和胶配填料。按化学组成可分为单组分腻子、多组分腻子和粉末腻子。

In addition, it can be divided into paste putty, powder putty, and adhesive filler according to its state. According to chemical composition, it can be divided into single component putty, multi-component putty, and powder putty.

腻子与耐水腻子的对决

The showdown between putty and water-resistant putty

腻子曾经是市场主流，但其缺点十分突出：附着力差、粘结强度低、没有韧性、遇潮气后很快出现粉化现象，短时间内就会出现开裂、起皮、脱落。再次粉刷墙面时，还需要铲除原有821腻子，费力且污染环境。

Putty used to be the mainstream in the market, but its drawbacks were very prominent: poor adhesion, low bonding strength, lack of toughness, and quick powdering when exposed to moisture, leading to cracking, peeling, and detachment in a short period of time. When painting the wall again, it is necessary to remove the original 821 putty, which is laborious and pollutes the environment.

耐水腻子则是821腻子的替代产品。它的优势非常明显：附着力强、粘结强度高、有一定的韧性、透气性好；受潮后不会粉化；墙面不会开裂、起皮、脱落；手感细腻、观感柔和；污染后可以直接擦洗；再次粉刷时无需铲除墙面；而且属于环保型材料。正因如此，北京市建委和规委已明确规定，在住宅工程中限制使用不耐水石膏类刮墙腻子。

Waterproof putty is a substitute product for 821 putty. Its advantages are very obvious: strong adhesion, high bonding strength, certain toughness, and good breathability; Will not pulverize when exposed to moisture; The wall will not crack, peel, or peel off; Delicate touch and soft appearance; After pollution, it can be directly cleaned; When repainting, there is no need to remove the wall surface; And it belongs to environmentally friendly materials. Therefore, the Beijing Municipal Construction Commission and Planning Commission have clearly stipulated that the use of water-resistant gypsum based wall putty is restricted in residential projects.

在环保方面，腻子粉比腻子膏更具优势。腻子粉是聚合物粉末和粉状胶的混合物，由于甲醛只能以气态或液态形式存在，腻子粉中甲醛含量极低，更加环保。

In terms of environmental protection, putty powder has more advantages than putty paste. Putty powder is a mixture of polymer powder and powdered adhesive. Due to the fact that formaldehyde can only exist in gaseous or liquid form, the formaldehyde content in putty powder is extremely low, making it more environmentally friendly.

腻子粉的施工要点

Key points for the construction of putty powder

腻子粉的施工并不复杂，但每一步都关乎最终效果。首先，基层应坚实、干净、大致平整、无明水，基层强度应大于或接近腻子的强度。吸水性强的基层应先用清水润湿或喷刷胶水进行封底处理。新抹灰的水泥墙应在养护期后再刮腻子。

The construction of putty powder is not complicated, but each step is related to the final effect. Firstly, the base layer should be solid, clean, roughly flat, and free of visible water. The strength of the base layer should be greater than or close to the strength of putty. The base layer with strong water absorption should be first moistened with clean water or sprayed with glue for bottom sealing treatment. Newly plastered cement walls should be coated with putty after the curing period.

按腻子粉：水=1：0.5的比例搅拌均匀，静置10至20分钟再次搅拌均匀即可使用。用钢刮板或抹刀按常规批刮，刮涂次数不可过多，通常批刮两次，第二次涂层在前涂层干透情况下方可施工。批刮厚度0.8至1.5mm，用量约1至1.5kg/㎡。腻子干后，用320#或240#砂纸打磨，然后尽快涂刷涂料或粘贴墙纸。在基层平整的情况下，每公斤腻子粉大约可批刮0.8至1.2平方米的平整墙面。

Mix evenly according to the ratio of putty powder: water=1:0.5, let it stand for 10 to 20 minutes, and then mix evenly again before use. Use a steel scraper or spatula to scrape as usual, and do not scrape too many times. Usually, scrape twice, and the second coating can only be applied after the previous coating has dried completely. Scrape thickness of 0.8 to 1.5mm, with a dosage of approximately 1 to 1.5kg/m2. After the putty dries, use 320 # or 240 # sandpaper to polish it, and then apply paint or paste wallpaper as soon as possible. In the case of a flat base, each kilogram of putty powder can scrape approximately 0.8 to 1.2 square meters of flat wall surface.

需要特别注意的是：腻子粉应防水防潮保存，贮存期为六个月；施工温度应在0℃以上；腻子粉不可与其它腻子在同一施工面混用，以免引起化学反应和色差。

Special attention should be paid to the waterproof and moisture-proof storage of putty powder, with a storage period of six months; The construction temperature should be above 0 ℃; Putty powder should not be mixed with other putty on the same construction surface to avoid chemical reactions and color differences.

从分类到施工，腻子粉虽不起眼，却是墙面装修中不可或缺的“底妆”材料。选择对的腻子、用对的方法，才能为一面好墙打下坚实的基础。

From classification to construction, although putty powder may not be eye-catching, it is an indispensable "base makeup" material in wall decoration. Choosing the right putty and using the right method can lay a solid foundation for a good wall.