普通抹面砂浆是建筑工程中用量最大的抹灰砂浆。其功能主要是保护墙体、地面不受风雨及有害杂质的侵蚀，提高防潮、防腐蚀、抗风化性能，增加耐久性；同时使建筑达到表面平整、清洁和美观的效果。普通抹面砂浆又可根据使用部位分为内墙抹灰砂浆和外墙抹灰砂浆。内墙多采用混合砂浆，外墙常用掺防水剂的水泥砂浆。

Ordinary plastering mortar is the most commonly used plastering mortar in construction projects. Its main function is to protect walls and floors from erosion by wind, rain, and harmful impurities, improve moisture resistance, corrosion resistance, and weathering resistance, and increase durability; Simultaneously achieving a smooth, clean, and aesthetically pleasing surface for the building. Ordinary plastering mortar can be divided into interior wall plastering mortar and exterior wall plastering mortar according to the application site. Mixed mortar is commonly used for interior walls, while cement mortar mixed with waterproofing agents is commonly used for exterior walls.

装饰砂浆在满足保护功能的同时，更注重表面的装饰效果。防水砂浆具有较高的耐水性和强度，适用于浴室、潮湿车间等潮湿环境。绝热砂浆由轻质多孔骨料制成，具有吸声性能，可用于室内墙壁和平顶。此外还有耐腐蚀砂浆、防辐射砂浆、吸声砂浆等特殊功能砂浆。

Decorative mortar not only meets the protective function, but also pays more attention to the decorative effect on the surface. Waterproof mortar has high water resistance and strength, and is suitable for humid environments such as bathrooms and damp workshops. Thermal insulation mortar is made of lightweight porous aggregates, which have sound absorption properties and can be used for indoor walls and ceilings. In addition, there are special functional mortars such as corrosion-resistant mortar, radiation resistant mortar, and sound-absorbing mortar.

抹面砂浆的分层施工

Layered construction of plastering mortar

抹面砂浆通常分为两层或三层进行施工，各层砂浆要求不同。

The plastering mortar is usually constructed in two or three layers, with different requirements for each layer of mortar.

底层砂浆起黏结基层的作用，要求砂浆具有良好的和易性和较高的黏结力。底面的保水性要好，否则水分易被基层材料吸收而影响黏结力。基层表面粗糙些有利于与砂浆的黏结。砖墙底层多用石灰砂浆，混凝土基体常用混合砂浆。

The bottom mortar plays a role in bonding the base layer, requiring the mortar to have good workability and high bonding strength. The bottom surface should have good water retention, otherwise moisture is easily absorbed by the base material and affects the bonding strength. A rougher surface of the base layer is beneficial for bonding with mortar. Lime mortar is commonly used for the bottom layer of brick walls, while mixed mortar is commonly used for concrete substrates.

中层主要是为了找平，有时可以省去不做。

The middle level is mainly for leveling, sometimes it can be omitted.

面层主要为了获得平整、光洁的表面效果。面层要求平整、光洁、细致、美观。对木板条基底及面层，多用纤维材料增加其抗拉强度以防止开裂。

The surface layer is mainly used to achieve a flat and smooth surface effect. The surface layer should be flat, smooth, delicate, and aesthetically pleasing. For the base and surface layer of wood batten, fiber materials shall be used to increase its tensile strength to prevent cracking.