抹面砂浆开裂的原因主要有以下几方面：

　　The main reasons for cracking of plastering mortar are as follows:

　　基层处理不当

　　Improper handling at the grassroots level

　　表面不清洁：基层表面附着灰尘、疏松物、脱模剂、油渍等杂物，未彻底清除干净，会影响抹面砂浆与基层的粘结，导致砂浆层与基层脱离，从而产生裂缝。

　　Surface uncleanliness: Dust, loose materials, release agents, oil stains and other debris adhere to the surface of the base layer. If not thoroughly removed, it will affect the bonding between the plastering mortar and the base layer, causing the mortar layer to detach from the base layer and resulting in cracks.

　　平整度偏差大：墙面平整度偏差太大，一次抹灰太厚，砂浆在干燥过程中由于重力作用和收缩不均匀，容易与基层脱离或自身产生裂缝。

　　Large flatness deviation: The wall flatness deviation is too large, and the plastering is too thick at once. During the drying process, the mortar is prone to detachment from the base layer or cracks due to gravity and uneven shrinkage.

　　界面处理不佳：基面过于光滑，未做界面处理或界面处理不当，不能抑制砂浆的干缩，使砂浆层与基层之间的粘结力不足，容易引发开裂。

　　Poor interface treatment: The base surface is too smooth, without interface treatment or improper interface treatment, which cannot suppress the drying shrinkage of the mortar, resulting in insufficient bonding force between the mortar layer and the base layer, which is prone to cracking.

　　砂浆材料问题

　　Mortar material issues

　　配合比不合理：砂浆和易性、保水性差，硬化后粘结强度低，容易导致抹面层开裂。此外，各层抹灰层配比相差太大，也会使砂浆的收缩率不一致，产生裂缝。

　　Unreasonable mix proportion: Poor workability and water retention of mortar, low bonding strength after hardening, which can easily lead to cracking of the plaster layer. In addition, the significant difference in the proportion of each plastering layer can also result in inconsistent shrinkage rates of the mortar, leading to cracks.

　　材料质量不佳：砂子含泥量过大或太细，水泥质量不稳定，掺合料掺量过高或砂率太低等，都会影响砂浆的性能，增加开裂的风险。

　　Poor material quality: sand with excessive or too fine mud content, unstable cement quality, high admixture content or low sand ratio can all affect the performance of mortar and increase the risk of cracking.

　　施工操作不当

　　Improper construction operation

　　未分层抹灰：没有按照规范要求进行分层抹灰，一次抹灰太厚，或者分层抹灰时各层间隔时间过短，打底的砂浆还没有终凝就抹第二层砂浆，容易因塑性收缩等原因产生裂纹。

　　Untamed plastering: Failure to apply layer by layer plastering according to the specification requirements, excessive thickness of one layer plastering, or short interval between layers during layer by layer plastering, and applying the second layer of mortar before the final setting of the base mortar, can easily cause cracks due to plastic shrinkage and other reasons.

　　压光时间掌握不准：抹面未收水前就进行压光，或者压光时砂浆已硬化，用力搓抹，都会破坏砂浆的表面结构，导致裂缝。

　　Inaccurate control of calendering time: calendering before the surface is finished or if the mortar has already hardened during calendering and is rubbed hard, it will damage the surface structure of the mortar and cause cracks.

　　养护不及时或不足：抹灰完成后，没有及时进行养护或养护时间太短，砂浆在干燥过程中水分蒸发过快，收缩加剧，容易产生裂缝。

　　Delayed or insufficient maintenance: After plastering is completed, if the maintenance is not carried out in a timely manner or the maintenance time is too short, the moisture of the mortar evaporates too quickly during the drying process, the shrinkage is intensified, and cracks are easily generated.

　　环境因素影响

　　Environmental factors have an impact

　　温度变化：在温度差异较大的环境下，砂浆会因热胀冷缩产生应力，当应力超过砂浆的承受能力时，就会导致开裂。

　　Temperature changes: In environments with large temperature differences, mortar will experience stress due to thermal expansion and contraction. When the stress exceeds the mortar's bearing capacity, it will lead to cracking.

　　湿度变化：基层过于潮湿或环境湿度变化大，砂浆在凝固过程中，一部分水与水泥发生化学反应，其余的水被蒸发掉，水蒸发后砂浆体积收缩，容易造成开裂。

　　Humidity changes: If the base layer is too humid or the environmental humidity changes greatly, during the solidification process of the mortar, a part of the water reacts chemically with the cement, and the rest of the water evaporates. After the water evaporates, the volume of the mortar shrinks, which can easily cause cracking.

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